30 Lia Abuladze and Andreas Ludden
(6) em-o k’arg-o kveqana-v, ra-zed mo-gi-c’qenia?…
my-VOC good-VOC country-VOC what-on PREV-2S-grieve
‘My good country, why are you so sad?’
(7) em-o k’alam-o, em-o k’arg-o, ra-d gvi-nda ta š-i?
my-VOC pen-VOC my-VOC good-VOC, what-ADV 1S.PL-want applause-NOM
‘My pen, my good one, why do we need applause?’
Here we have another example from the poem C’qaltubodan Kutaisši
(‘From Tsqaltubo to Kutaisi, 1956’) by Galak’t’ion Tabidze:
(8) c’qaltubo-dan kutais-ši mimaval-o kar-o, tu mais-is
C’qaltubo-from Kutaisi-to blowing-VOC wind-VOC if may-GEN
kutais-ma g-kitxo-s vina x-aro…
Kutaisi-ERG 2IO-ask-3S who 2S-be
‘Wind blowing from C’qaltubo to Kutaisi, if Kutaisi in May asks you
who you are…’
1.5. The forms of address of kinship terms
The vocative case as well as other forms of address of Georgian kinship
terms are especially interesting. Terms as deda ‘mother’, mama ‘father’,
bebia, dideda ‘grandmother’, babua, p’ap’a ‘grandfather’ have no suffixes
in the vocative: deda!,
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mama!, bebia!, dideda!, babua!, p’ap’a! But there
are other possible forms of address, too, e.g. dedi! or the truncated de!,
mami!, bebi!, beba!, bebo!, bebe! or the truncated be!, babo! (in Eastern
Georgia), baba!, didi! (truncated form of dideda), or babu!
According to Šanidze (1955: 73) the forms dedi and mami originate
from dedilo and mamilo, in which -il is the diminutive suffix and -o the
marker of the vocative. Apridonidze (1991: 141) points out that we might
also regard dedik’o and mamik’o as the sources of dedi and mami because,
according to her, the form of address švili! originates from švilik’o! (‘oh
child!’) and is not the result of a contraction of the suffix -ilo. The form
*švililo does not exist at all. We think, however, that the source of švili! is
not necessarily švilik’o (see below). These affixes have certain dif-
ferentiating functions. Dedi! and dedilo! are often used when addressing
one’s own mother or an elderly woman. The form of address dedik’o! or
the vocative deda! with no affix are used referring to one’s own mother or
mother-in-law.
We think that the forms dedi, mami, and švili are the results of the same
modifications that we also notice in forms as e.g. German Mami and Papi,