Water for All (Chapter 16, Class X)

The PPT 'Water for All' is the sub-topic of the chapter Management of Natural Resources, Class X.

1. WATER FOR ALL Class - X Dr. U.P.Pani PGT (Biology) JNV Raipur

2. Water is one of the prime element responsible for life on earth. 97 % of the water on the earth is salt water only 2.5 of the total water on the earth is exists as fresh water. Around 70 % of fresh water is frozen in glaciers and ice sheets.  Only 30 % of water is stored as ground water.   Around 0.3 % of the total fresh water exists in rivers, lakes, streams, ponds and springs are natural sources of water.  The water pollution are caused by increasing industrialization and human activities. Mostly the water bodies get polluted by industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes. WATER FOR ALL

3. Rains in India are largely due to the monsoons . The monsoon of South Asia is among several geographically distributed global monsoons. It affects the Indian subcontinent. Most of the rain falls in a few months of the year i.e. from June to September. Rainfall Patterns in India

4. Irrigation in India includes a network of major and minor canals from Indian rivers, groundwater well based systems, tanks, and other rainwater harvesting projects for agricultural activities. During ancient time irrigation system were managed by local people. The use of stored water was strictly regulated. The optimum cropping patterns was based on the availability of water and on the basis of decades/ centuries of experience. The maintenance of these irrigation systems was a local affair. Irrigation in India

5. The arrival of the British changed the irrigation systems. The conception of large scale projects – large dams and canals traversing large distances were first conceived and implemented by the British. Mega-projects led to the neglect of the local irrigation methods. After independence the government took over the administration of these systems leading to the loss of control over the local water sources by the local people.

6. Storage of adequate water for irrigation Hydro power generation Water for drinking and industrial use Flood control Inland navigation Recreation Benefits of Large Dams Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand

7. Disadvantages Social problems – Displacement of large number of peasants and tribal without adequate compensation or rehabilitation. Economic problems - Swallow up huge amounts of public money without the generation of proportionate benefits. Environmental problems - Deforestation and the loss of biological diversity. Disadvantages of Constructing Dams

8. The following issues to be settled during construction of dams : - Resettlement and Rehabilitation Environment and forests Sedimentary issues Socio economic issues Safety aspects Issues for construction of dams

9. Water harvesting means capturing rain where it falls or collection of runoff for productive purposes . It also takes measure to keep that water clean by not allowing polluting activities to take place in the catchment. Watershed management emphasises scientific conservation of soil and water. Objectives of watershed management increases the production and income of the watershed community mitigates droughts and floods increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs Water Harvesting

10. Age old water harvesting systems in India:- Rajasthan - Khadins , tanks and nadis Maharashtra - Bandharas and tals Uttar Pradesh & M.P. - Bundhis Bihar - Ahars and pynes Himachal Pradesh - Kulhs Kandi belt of Jammu region - Ponds Tamil Nadu - Eris (tanks) Kerala - Surangams Karnataka - Kattas Ancient Water Harvesting Systems

11. Traditional water harvesting system — an ideal setting of the khadin system KHADIN SYSTEM

12. The advantages of water stored in the ground are: It does not evaporate, but spreads out to recharge wells It provides moisture for vegetation over a wide area. It does not provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes like stagnant water collected in ponds or artificial lakes. The ground-water is relatively protected from contamination by human and animal waste. Advantages of Stored Water

13. Why do we need to conserve water? What are the ways to conserve water? Make a poster for conservation of water. Write a slogan on ‘water conservation’. Think and Plan