Water pollution an how water pollution is caused and how it is tested

Water pollution

1. Water Pollution
L .Guna Vardhan Reddy
2211CS010324
G7B-35

2. Lake Washington
Sewage dumped intoLake
WashingtonfromSeattle
1955:Edmondson discovered
cyanobacteria(blue-greenalgae)in
thelake
Algaegrew,died,darkenedwaters,
foulsmell
Chiefnutrient–phosphorus,
comingfromthesewagetreatment
plants
Publicpressureledtocleanupof
thelake
Newpollutionchallenges

3. Causesand Effects of Water Pollution
Waterpollutioncausesillnessanddeathinhumansand
otherspeciesanddisruptsecosystems.
Thechiefsourcesofwaterpollutionareagricultural
activities,industrialfacilities,andmining,butgrowthin
populationandresourceusemakeitincreasinglyworse.

4. Water Pollution Comes from Point and
Nonpoint Sources
Waterpollution:chemical,
biologicalorphysicalchange
inwaterquality
Pointsources
•Locatedatspecificplaces
•Easytoidentify,monitor,
andregulate
•Examples
Nonpointsources
•Broad,diffuseareas
•Difficulttoidentifyand
control
•Expensivetocleanup
Nonpoint sediment from
unprotected from farms

5. Water Pollution Comes from Point and
Nonpoint Sources
Agricultureactivities:leading
causeofwaterpollution
•Sedimenterodedfromthe
lands
•Fertilizersandpesticides
•Bacteriafromlivestockand
foodprocessingwastes
Industrialfacilities-inorganicand
organic
Mining–disturbstheland
Point source

6. Water Pollution Comes from Point and
Nonpoint Sources
Othersourcesofwaterpollution
•Parkinglots-grease,toxicmaterialsandsedimentsthat
collectontheirimpervioussurface
•Preventsrainfromsoakingin,worsensflooding-
•Human-madematerials
•E.g.,plastics–polymersbreakdownveryslowly
•Climatechangeduetoglobalwarming
•someareasgetmoreprecipitationthanothers
•Intensedownpoursflushesmoreharmfulchemicals
•Prolongeddroughtreducesriverflowsthatdilute
waste

7. Infectiousdiseaseorganisms:contaminateddrinkingwater
•500diseasecausingbacteriathatcanbetransferred
fromwastesofhumanandanimalwaste
TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)
•3Millionpeopledieeveryyear,mostlyundertheageof
5,fromdrinkingcontaminatedwater
•1.2billionpeoplehavenoaccesstodrinkingwater
•Diarrheacausedmostlybypollutedwater–killsa
youngchildevery18seconds
Cons of Major Water Pollutants

8. WaterPollutionandSkinDiseases
WaterPollutionandCancer
WaterPollutionandChildHealth
Carbonatedwaterdamagesteeth
Environmentalconcerns
Onemajorissuesurroundingmineralwaterinvolvesthe
container.Thelarge-scaleproductionofplasticbottles
causespollutionandhasseriousconsequencesforthe
environment.
Womenofreproductiveage.
Cons of Major Water Pollutants

9. Testing Water for Pollutants…….
Varietyofteststodeterminewaterquality:
Coliformbacteria:Escherichiacoli,significantlevels,
foundinfecalwaste
•100mlofwaternocoloniesfordrinking
•100mlofshouldcontainnomorethan200colonies
Levelofdissolvedoxygen(DO)–excessiveinputsof
oxygen-demandingwastescandepleteDOlevelsinwater
Chemicalanalysis–determinethepresenceand
concentrationsofspecificorganicpollutants

10. Testing Water for Pollutants ……
Indicatorspecies
•Cattailsfromareascontaminatedwithfuels,
solvents
•Bottomdwellers(mussels)feedbyfilteringwater
throughtheirbodies
Bacteriaandyeastglowinthepresenceofa
particulartoxicchemical,suchasheavymetals,
carcinogensinfood
Colorandturbidityofthewater–sediment
measuredbycolorimetersandturbidimeters

11. Water Quality as Measured by Dissolved
Oxygen Content in Parts per Million

12. Major Water Pollution Problems in
Streams and Lakes
Whilestreamsareextensivelypollutedworldwideby
humanactivities,theycancleansethemselvesofmany
pollutantsifwedonotoverloadthemorreducetheir
flows.
Additionofexcessivenutrientstolakesfromhuman
activitiescandisruptlakeecosystems,andpreventionof
suchpollutionismoreeffectiveandlesscostlythan
cleaningitup.

13. Individuals Matter: The Man Who Planted
Trees to Restore a Stream
JohnBeal:restorationofHammCreek,Seattle,WA,
U.S.–15yearcleanup.
Plantedtrees
Persuadedcompaniestostopdumping
Removedgarbage

14. Highly Polluted River in China
1/3rdofChina’srivers
judged unfitfor
agriculturaluse
2007–½ofthe
populationincluding
278citiesdonothave
accesstodrinkable
water

15. Trash Truck Disposing of Garbage
into a River in Peru
•Most streams
passing through
urbanorindustrial
areassufferfrom
severepollution
•Garbage also
dumpedintorivers
insomeplaces

16. 2007StateoftheGreat
Lakesreport
•Newpollutants-PCB’s
•Wetlandlossand
degradation
•Decliningofsome
nativespecies
•Nativecarnivorousfish
species(laketrout)
declining
•Banuseoftoxic
chlorinecompounds-
bleach(paper)
Pollution in the Great Lakes

17. The Seattle, Washington Area, U.S.