What is a Communication Disorder ppt.pptx

communication disorder

1. Failing to transfer information from one person to another. Students with a CD frequently perform below grade level. What is a Communication Disorder?

2. Speech Disorder – Difficulty producing sounds, as well as disorders of voice quality. *Example: Stuttering Receptive Language Disorder – Difficulty comprehending what is said. Expressive Disorder - Difficulty using spoken language. Speech and Language Disorders

3. A language difference is not the same as a disorder. However, not speaking English can be an impediment to effective learning. A foreign dialect can be a problem for non-native English speakers. English as a Second Language

4. Five Components to Language System • Phonology – The use of sounds to make meaningful syllables & sounds. • Morphology – The system that governs the structure of words. • Syntax – Rules for putting together a series of words to form sentences. • Semantics – The meaning of what is expressed. • Pragmatics – The use of communication in context. Typical Development

5. • Organic Causes – Identifiable problem in the neuromuscular system. • Functional Disorder – No identifiable neuromuscular cause. Determining the Causes

6. Physical factors Cleft palate Paralysis of speech muscles Absence of teeth Craniofacial abnormalities Enlarged adenoids Neurological impairments Cerebral palsy Organic

7. • Includes disorders of Articulation Voice Fluency. Speech Disorders

8. Types of articulation errors : • Substitutions – For example, sounds such as /d/ for / th /. DOZE for THOSE. • Omissions – Leaves a phoneme out of a word. For example “ ap ” for apple. • Additions – Adding a vowel between two consonants. Ger- een for green. Distortions – producing a sound in an unfamiliar way. E.g. give the p encil to Sally Articulation Disorders

9. • Pitch • Intensity • Resonance Voice Disorders

10. Fluency – The rate and rhythm of speaking. Fluency Disorder

11. • Phonology - Unable to differentiate between sounds. For example, BAT and PAT. • Morphology - Trouble with the structure of words. For example, adding an ED to signify past tense. • Syntax – Trouble constructing a sentence. • Semantics – Relates to the meaning of a sentence. • Pragmatics – Social use of language. Language Impairments

12. Case history Physical examination Articulation test Hearing test Auditory discrimination test Assessment and evaluation

13. Language development test Overall language test Conversation with the child or language sample Behavioural observations of child’s language competence in social contexts Assessment and evaluation

14. Articulation disorders may be treated by one of four common models : discrimination model phonological model sensorimotor model operant conditioning model Voice disorders can sometimes be treated medically or surgically if there is an organic cause, but the most common remediation is direct vocal rehabilitation. Treatment and Remediation

15. Treatment of fluency disorders emphasizes either symptom modification or fluency reinforcement. Language disorders are treated by either individual or group approaches. Treatment and Remediation