What is hardness of water.pptx

hardness of water

1. What is hardness of water ?

2. Topics what is hardness of water? reaction of soap with water hard water vs soft water –comparison types of water hardness & removal method determination of hardness Hardness units & conversion table

3. What is hardness of water? As per chemistry, the amount of calcium & magnesium ions present in water. In other words hardness of water means the lather producing capacity of water. Hard water contains more calcium & magnesium ions & produces less lather with soap Soft water contains less calcium & magnesium ions & produces more lather with soap

4. Reaction of soap with water Soap contains long chain fatty acids of sodium salt.when soap react with water calcium & magnesium ions present in water is converted to corresponding calcium & magnesium salts & it is precipitate as scum. This scum is sticks on the surface to be cleaned so that cleaning capacity of soap is reduced

5. Hard water vs soft water Hard water More calcium & magnesium ions are present Produces less lather with soap Total hardness value is >60ppm as caco3 softwater Less calcium & magnesium ions are present Produces more lather with soap Total hardness value is < 60ppm as caco3

6. Carbonate hardness or temporary hardness Hardness present in water is due to carbonate(CO3) & Bicarbonate(HCO3) ions is called Carbonate or Temporary Hardness of water It is called temporary hardness because it is removed when we boil the water

7. Non-carbonate hardness or permanent hardness Hardness present in water is due to Chloride(CI) &Sulfate(SO 4) ions is called Non-Carbonate or Permanent Hardness of water It is called Permanent Hardness of water It is called permanent hardness because it is not removed when we boil the water It is removed by softening or demineralization process

8. Water hardness analysis overview

9. Determination of total hardness

10. Determination of calcium hardness

11. Determination of magnesium hardness Magnesiunm hardness is determined by subtracting calcium hardness value from total hardness calculation: magnesium hardness=total hardness-calcium hardness ppm as caco3

12. Water hardness classification

13. Water hardness unit conversion