What is MLA Citation? And Difference Between MLA 7, MLA 8 and MLA 9 Citation .pptx

Hello everyone my name is Mansi Gujadiya. In this PPT I will discuss about What is MLA Citation ?

1. Department of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Date: 3 st April 2024 Sem 4। Batch 2022-24 Research Methodology Evolution of MLA Citation Style: A Comparative Analysis of MLA 7, MLA 8, and MLA 9 Prepared by Mansi Gujadiya

2. Evolution of MLA Citation Style: A Comparative Analysis of MLA 7, MLA 8, and MLA 9 Present by Mansi Gujadiya

3. Personal Information Name:- Mansi B. Gujadiya Roll No.:- 12 Enrollment Number:-4069206420220013 Sem :- 4 (M.A) Paper No.:-209 Paper Code:-22416 Paper Name:- Research Methodology Topic: Evolution of MLA Citation Style: A Comparative Analysis of MLA 7, MLA 8, and MLA 9 Submitted to:- Department of English MKBU Email:- [email protected]

4. What is a citation? Citations are a way of giving credit when certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again-- it provides an important roadmap to your research process. Whenever you use sources such as books, journals or websites in your research, you must give credit to the original author by citing the source.

5. History of Citation The Cole brothers (J.R. Cole & Cole) were early pioneers in citation studies. They often referred to citations as a measure of quality, although they were slightly more cautious in defining citations as representing the "relative scientific significance or 'quality' of papers" Even today, citation indicators are sometimes presented as measures of scientific quality, despite ongoing debates and critiques about the suitability of using citations in this way. A common assumption in using citations as research performance indicators is that it should be justified or grounded in the referencing behavior of authors. However, as pointed out by Smith in 1981, not enough was known about the actual "citation behavior" of authors and the reasons behind their citation choices. Many studies have been conducted to understand referencing behavior, with two contrasting perspectives emerging: a. One emphasizing the intellectual function of references, focusing on the content and knowledge aspects. b. The other analyzing citing as a fundamentally social process, focusing on "outside" and social factors rather than content. The latter perspective, which critiques the use of citations as performance measures, has been associated with attempts to highlight the social and non-intellectual factors influencing citation practices. The debates revolve around whether citations truly reflect research quality and significance, or if they are influenced by various social, non-intellectual factors that may undermine their use as reliable performance indicators. (Aksnes et al.)

6. American Psychological Association (APA) Style This style guide is generally used by individuals associated with behavioral and social sciences. It is a complete set of rules and regulations, along with guidelines to various informative elements. It is a complete set of a citation style guide that has detailed information about every step in the writing process. (Gibaldi) The Chicago Manual of Style This style guide is perhaps one of the most famous citation styles in the academic field. Nicknamed as the ‘‘Editor’s Bible,’’ or ‘‘Turabian Style,’’ the Chicago Manual of Style is the most used in the publishing industry. The Chicago Style Manual was originally created by the University of Chicago and published in 1906. It was essentially written as a reference for authors, editors, copywriters, publishers, and other areas where the written word is primarily used. It is also used by other disciplines. (Gibaldi) Modern Language Association (MLA) Style This style is considered one of the most popular and most used citations and referencing styles in the academic field. MLA style is a style used for citing sources within the language arts, cultural studies, and other humanities disciplines in the academic field. The latest version of the MLA manual (9th edition) offers several examples for the general format of MLA papers,in-text citations, and the Works Cited page. This quick guide provides the basic rules for MLA in-text citations for academic papers and essays. (Gibaldi) Type of Citation

7. What is MLA Citation ? The Modern Language Association Handbook is in its 9th edition and standardizes the way scholars document their sources and format their papers. When everyone documents their sources and papers in the same way, it is simple to recognize and understand the types of sources used for a project. Readers of your work will look at your citations not only to understand them but possibly to explore them as well. When you're borrowing information from a source and placing it in your research or assignment, it’s important to give credit to the original author. This is done by creating an MLA citation. Depending on the type of information you're including in your work, you may place citations in the body of your project and in a works-cited list at the end of your project. There is also a section below on a recommended way to create an MLA header. These headers appear at the top of your assignment’s pages. Check with your instructor on whether they prefer a certain MLA format for the header. (Gibaldi)

8. What is MLA Style? MLA (Modern Language Association) Style is widely used in the humanities, especially in writing on language and literature. MLA style uses brief parenthetical citations in the text that refer to an alphabetical list of works cited appearing at the end of the work. MLA Style is used most heavily in disciplines that engage deeply with specific texts, including English, Literatures, Languages and Philosophy. Modern Language Association, or MLA, format is a style of crediting sources you use to write a paper. This style is typically used for research papers for English Composition and other communication classes. Every time you quote or paraphrase someone else’s work, you must tell us: Who wrote the work What is it called And where can we find a copy. You give us this information in two places: In the paragraph where you are quoting or paraphrasing. This is called a Parenthetical Citation (or In-Text Citation) because you will put brief information about the work in parentheses. In the Works Cited page at the end of the paper. This is where you put all of the information we need to find a copy of the works you used in your paper. (Gibaldi)

9. Citations are references or attributions made to acknowledge the sources of information, ideas, quotes, or data that are used within a written work. In the academic and research context, proper citation is crucial for several reasons: Giving credit: Citations allow authors to give credit to the original sources from which they have borrowed information, ideas, or quotes. This is a matter of academic honesty and integrity, as it acknowledges the intellectual property and contributions of others. Avoiding plagiarism: Failing to cite sources properly can be considered plagiarism, which is a serious offense in academia and can have significant consequences, such as failed assignments, disciplinary actions, or even revocation of academic degrees. Supporting claims: Citations provide evidence and support for the claims, arguments, or assertions made in a work. They lend credibility and allow readers to verify the information or explore the sources further. Facilitating further research: Citations enable other researchers to locate and build upon the work of previous scholars, fostering the advancement of knowledge and the continuation of scholarly discourse. Establishing context: Citations help to situate a work within the broader context of existing research and literature, highlighting the relationship between different sources and ideas. (Diamond) "What is a Citation Worth?"

10. Author Title of source Title of container Other contributors Version Number Publisher Publication date Location (Camden and Marchbanks) What is Required for MLA Citation ?

11. MLA 8 Citation The MLA published a new version of the MLA Handbook in April 2016. Be sure to check with your professor to determine if your class will be using the new 8th edition or the previous 7th edition. The latest edition of the MLA Handbook (8th ed.) by the Modern Language Association was published in 2016 and includes some drastic changes to MLA format. Different source types no longer have different formats. MLA updated their style to accommodate the digital publication era, where a work can be published and shared in many different formats with ease. MLA now utilizes a list of core elements arranged in a particular order. The type of source you use will dictate which core elements you use. For more information about this change please visit the links below: Here are some of the changes in the latest version of MLA Style: No requirement to state whether your source was in Print or from the Web. Any time you use an online resource, however, make sure you include the web address (URL) at the end of your citation. No requirement to list the date you accessed an online source, but if an item is undated, you need to include it. Publisher location is no longer needed if a book is published after 1900. If you're citing a book published before 1900, you do need the location information. Protocol (http://) is not included as part of the URL. Use a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) instead of the URL if available. (MLA Handbook )

12. MLA 9 Citation The ninth edition builds on the Modern Language Association’s long-standing authority on source documentation guidelines and continues MLA’s dedication to promoting information and digital literacy, which are crucial in today’s world. With the updated guidance of MLA 9, you will learn how to accurately and informatively cite everything from novels to song lyrics to dissertations. According to MLA, these are the new features of the ninth edition: Expanded guidance on creating MLA works cited lists and how to style citations More detailed explanation of in-text citations Recommendations for inclusive language Hundreds of sample works cited list entries with examples of various publication formats, “including books, databases, websites, YouTube videos, interviews, and more” Updated guidelines on what constitutes plagiarism and how to avoid it A new chapter all about how to format a research paper New guidelines on writing, including spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and more (“MLA 8 vs. MLA 9: Updates and highlights”)

13. Differences Published in :-2009 Different Citation Format for every source Did not include “Containers” Authors name should be specific No indication of abbreviations volume and number to magazine and journal article URLS were not compulsory City of publication is included Example Last name, First name M. Book. City: Publisher. Year Published. Source.Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's stone. London: Bloomsburg Children's. 2001. Print. MLA 7 Published in :-2016 One standard citation format for every different sources Included of “Containers” It is now suitable to use online handles or screen name in place of authors name Included Abbreviations and number to magazine and article citation Inclusion of URLS Omission of city of publication Example Last name, First name M. Book. Publisher. Year Published Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's stone.: Bloomsburg Children's. 2001. MLA 8 Published in :-2021 One standard citation format for every different sources Si mplified approach It is now suitable to use online handles or screen name in place of authors' names URLS is no longer required, unless needed for clarity City of publication is a optional for most sources Example Author Last Name, First Name Middle Name or Initial. Title of Longer Work or "Title of Shorter Work." Publisher, Year. URL. MLA 9

14. References Aksnes, Dag W., et al. “Citations, Citation Indicators, and Research Quality: An Overview of Basic Concepts and Theories.” Saga Journals , 6 January 2023, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244019829575. Accessed 3 April 2024. Camden, April, and Beth Marchbanks. “MLA Citations and Works Cited Pages.” 9 November 2017, https://pressbooks.pub/macchandbook/chapter/mla-citations-and-works-cited-pages/. Accessed 3 April 2024. Diamond, Arthur M. “"What is a Citation Worth?"” JSTOR , 9 November 2017, https://www.jstor.org/stable/145797?searchText=&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dcitation%26so%3Drel%26efqs%3DeyJjdHkiOlsiYW05MWNtNWhiQT09Il19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&searchKey=&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ac42f000138850e4f633. Accessed 3 April 2024. Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA handbook for writers of research papers . Modern Language Association of America, 1995. Accessed 3 April 2024.

15. “Library Guides: Citing Sources: What are citations and why should I use them?” Library Guides , 24 October 2023, https://guides.lib.uw.edu/research/citations/citationwhat. Accessed 26 March 2024. “MLA 8 vs. MLA 9: Updates and highlights.” EasyBib , https://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/mla-format/mla-8-vs-mla-9-updates/. Accessed 3 April 2024. MLA Handbook . EIGHTH EDITION ed., Modern Language Association of America; 8th edition, 2016. Accessed 3 April 2024.

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