What is project method and write its principal's?

The presantation write with fully focouse on project method and its very best for m.phill education class.

1. Introduction Author: Prof. Farooq Iqbal Date: 09/04/2021 1 1

2. Principle: A. Project method or a project has been defined in various a. e ways such as 'it is that form of coordinated activity that's directed towards the learning of significant skill or process. It also involves the acquisition of much useful information and inevitably inviolately affects attitudes and interests. (Wesley) b. It is a problematic act carried to completion in its natural setting. (Kilpatrick ) c. A project is a test of real life that has been imported in school. (Ballard)

3. Continue…. c. A project is a test of real life that has been imported in school. (Ballard) d. It is voluntary undertaking, which involves constructive CT orts or thought and eventuates into subjective result. ( Yoro’s long ). It is a new teaching strategy and it has been evolved result of social tendency of education. The cates are situation this opinion the education should be related to life situation hi it is experience-centered teaching strategy. In exponent project method is W.H. : Kilpatrick . The main focus of the strategy of socialize a child.

4. PRINCIPLES: It involves the following principles: Principle of utility: The problem of study is related with life situation of the learners. Principle of readiness: The learners are willing to perform it. Principle of learning by doing: Learner has to perform certain tasks in project strategy. Learner gets freedom to work: The learning situations are realistic. Principle of socialization: It develops the feeling of co-operation and group word.

5. TYPES OF PROJECT Kilpatrick has classified the project strategies under four types: 1) In this type led Earner has to complete Artistic this type of project develops the aesthetic. 2) Taste of the learner. 3) Problem-centered-A problem is presented before the 4) Group Practice-A task is assigned in which group work learner and he has to seek the solution of the problem. Is required to complete it.

6. STEPS IN A PROJECT Provision situation A situation is identified or arranged in which some problems are available with interesting ingredient for the pupils. 2) Selection of Objectives A teacher guides and facilitates his pupils in this phase too, to select and find out aims and objectives of the project being selected, keeping in mind real needs of pupils. 3) Planning This is a very important step, so one must be careful in drawing a blueprint for a project. Planning should include a few alternatives. A discussion to exchange group ideas and views is very crucial. Suggestions must be critically examined and utilized.

7. Continue…. 4) Execution: Among E group members are assigned duties in a way that t activities of their choice and capability. No doubt, it needs patience of contributors to make it a. success. In project many activities can be developed. They all success. In one They all knowledge growth. 5) Evaluation: Work done on project must be evaluated by theme. (Student group) and supervisor (teacher) as well, to locate by themes, to locate the step follies. Self-criticism is worth training giving. In this s and objectives (pre-set) of that project are the standard performance is measured against this standard.

8. MERITS OF Project METHOD: 1) Based on Psychological Principle: This method is based on sound psychological principles of law of readiness, law of exercise, law of effect etc. There- I reasonable freedom provided to students for working in a Social environment. 2) Child centered: The approach is child-centered rather than being yet subject centered. The students work on their self-chosen port ae the goal and purpose of working is clear to them and naturally motivated and inclined to put their heart and soul.

9. 3) The need of all students the method provides enough opportunity for meeting the interests and abilities of the students . 4) Promotes ethical thinking The varying into This ethos promotes habit dent to adopt the scientific method of working of critical thinking and urges 5) Links body and mind the project method provides good opportunity for the of body and mind. It proves coordination and integration helpful in the balanced development of physical and mental abilities of the students . 6) Links with real life situation it is quite practical and applied method of learning. The n project chosen correlates with the real life

10. Working at own pace execute their project within the given time-frame. 8) Democratic method Mutt t is a democratic method of teaching since the Dray jet chosen after due deliberation of the group with agreement and understanding. There is freedom to action according to plan chosen with freedom of thought and arms. 9) Self-gained and durable knowledge Our knowledge gained in this method is directly thorn. Retained the efforts of the child. Such knowledge is clear and is rete: permanently by the students. 10) Correlates subject knowledge With life viding the project method proves an ideal method for proved get teaching through the principle of correlation. The student’s opportunity to correlate the curricular experiences with the day-to-day life activities.

11. Need teacher expertise The teacher will have to be exceptionally gifted, knowledgeable as well as alert and helpful. It expects too much from the teacher as right from providing situations and opportunity for the selection of the project to its planning, execution and recording, teacher has to remain alert for providing help and guidance to the students individually and in groups for the success of the projects. Material not available: Textbooks and instructional materials write on these lines are not easily available. Other problems This method suffers from some serious limitations on account of the following practical difficulties

12. Demerts AND LIMITATIONS OF P'ROJECT METHOD: Time consuming notched is uneconomical in terms of time. It the project takes a fitting project work into the normal, time table requires a lot of juggling . All Syllabus cannot be covered further It is also certain that each and every topic or contents oaf have a number of projects simultaneously in a particularly session is neither possible nor feasible. Costly: Object cannot be covered through one or the other projects ND to The execution of a project requires a lot of financial liabilities. The return in terms of the yields from a project is generally much less than the expenditure incurred,

13. * Shortage of funds in schools. Very high teacher-pupil ratio.   *Shortage of properly trained teachers. Existing system of examination does not conform to the requirements of project method of teaching. *Study is very vast to have any scope for using this method.