when,_where_and_how_1597910951_394753 (2).pptx

EDUCATION

1. Prepared By : Abhinanditha G Grade – 6 – Social Science - History Chapter 1 – When, Where and How

2. What is History? History is the study of past events set in a chronological order. The word history has been derived from the Greek word historia. It means narration of the past events. The Scholars who help us to reconstruct the stories of the past called historians.

3. Importance of Studying the Past To understand people and societies better. To survive difficult time. To know our own route. To develop an objective perspective. Herodotus is r e g a r ded as t he ‘ F a t h e r of History ’

4. Time and Dates Historians have divided the past into three broad time periods to make the study more convenient: C l a s si f i c a t i o n o f H i s t o r y P r ehi s t o r y Proto hist o r y Hist o r y

5. Dating the Events of History N a v y a R ai History is the study of past events in chronological order. The year of Jesus birth was assigned as year one. The y ears be f o r e ‘ye a r one’ a r e k n o w n as before Christ or B.C. The years after that are known as Anno D o m ini o r A.D. w hic h m e a n s in L a tin “ I n the year of our Lord”.

6. H o w d o w e n a m e C e n t u ri e s? In recent years, the terms BC and AD are often replaced with Before Common Era (BCE) and Common Era (CE). A century is hundred years . Therefore the years between 1 to year 100 is referred as first century CE.

7. Applying Geography to Interpret the Past Geography is helpful in understanding the l o c a t i on of s e tt l ements, t h e m o v emen t of p e o p l e and the creation of States. 1. Why did the earliest cities flourish near the banks of rivers? 2. Discovery of Monsoon Because of Farming

8. Conti… 3. Geography also tells us that about India has a long coastline with many harbours and natural ports. 4. Himalayan Mountains ; Mountain passes in the Himalayan range made it possible for people from Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia to enter India.

9. T im e l i n e A timeline is a way of displaying a list of events in chronological order.

10. Sources of History The sources of History are broadly divided into two categories. Sources of Information Archeological Sources Monuments Inscriptions C oi n s Ar t e f ac t s L ite r a r y Sources Religious S ec u l a r Foreign A cc o un t s

11. Archaeological Sources The study of the past examining the remaining materials is called archaeology. The people who study these remains are known as archaeologists. Archaeological sources are buried under the ground and can be recovered by digging up the ground. This process of digging is called excavation. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) was established in 1861 during the British rule in India.

12. Monuments: Monuments include temples, mosques, tombs, churches, forts, palaces, step-wells and rock- cut caves. Examples: Taj Mahal Pillar of Ashoka The study of inscriptions known as epigraphy. Inscriptions inform us about the life and reign of kings.

13. Coins : The study of coins is called numismatics. Hoards of coins have been recovered from different parts of the country. The coins discovered were made of various metals like copper, bronze, gold and silver. The study of the old writing systems found on the inscriptions and other old records is called palaeography.

14. Global Connect Inscriptions of ancient times were written in many scripts and languages. The Egyptians developed one of the earliest scripts in history, called hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphs involved pictographic representation of objects. Each object denoted a letter of the alphabet. For example, a palm denoted the letter B, while the lion stood for the letter L. The historians gradually deciphered their script and read their inscriptions .

15. Artefacts: Artefacts are old pieces of things or belongings of people. They include pottery, jewellery, toys, seals, pieces of cloth and other remains which the people used during the course of their lives.

16. Literary Sources : Literary sources comprise all types of texts written on various materials. Our ancestors wrote on birch bark or palm leaves known as bhojpatras. Literary sources inform us about the political, social, economic, religious and cultural life of our ancestors.

17. Literary sources broadly divided into three categories: Li t e ra r y Sources Religious Li t e r a ture Secular L i ter a t u re Foreign Accounts

18. Religious L i t e r a t u re V e da s , t h e Ramayana, the M ahabh a r a ta, the Puranas an d t he Aranyakas Secular L i t e r a t ure T h e Dha r ma Su t r a s and Kautilyas Arthashastra Kalidasa, Surdarka, Bhasa, Banab h a t t a Foreign A c c o u n t s I ndi k a b y M ega s t h e n es F a - H s ein and Hiuen Tsang f r om Ch i na.

19. N a v y a R ai