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### **Guide to Academic Writing**

1. **Understand the Assignment**
- **Explanation**: Before beginning any academic writing task, it is crucial to understand the assignment requirements. Read the prompt carefully, clarify any doubts with your instructor, and ensure that you are clear on the type of essay or paper required (e.g., argumentative, descriptive, research-based, etc.).

2. **Research the Topic**
- **Explanation**: Conduct thorough research on your topic using reliable academic sources such as peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and scholarly databases. Ensure that the information gathered is relevant to the assignment and supports your argument or analysis.

3. **Develop a Thesis Statement**
- **Explanation**: A strong thesis statement presents the main argument or position of your paper. It should be clear, concise, and specific, providing direction for your essay. The rest of the paper should support and develop this central idea.

4. **Create an Outline**
- **Explanation**: Organizing your ideas into a structured outline helps create a logical flow in your writing. Typically, an academic essay includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on one main idea that supports your thesis.

5. **Write the Introduction**
- **Explanation**: Your introduction should provide background information on the topic, explain its relevance, and present your thesis statement. It should grab the reader’s attention and offer a clear preview of what the paper will cover.

6. **Develop Body Paragraphs**
- **Explanation**: Each body paragraph should start with a topic sentence that introduces the main point of the paragraph. Provide evidence or examples from your research to support your argument, and explain how it relates to your thesis. Ensure coherence by transitioning smoothly between paragraphs.

7. **Write the Conclusion**
- **Explanation**: The conclusion should summarize the key points of your paper without introducing new information. Restate your thesis in light of the evidence you’ve presented and offer final thoughts or implications of your argument.

8. **Cite Sources Properly**
- **Explanation**: Academic writing requires proper citation of sources to avoid plagiarism. Use the required citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) and ensure that all direct quotes, paraphrases, and references are properly credited.

9. **Proofread and Revise**
- **Explanation**: After writing your draft, take time to revise and proofread. Look for clarity, coherence, grammar, punctuation, and formatting errors. Seek feedback from peers or instructors to improve the quality of your writing.

Academic writing emphasizes clarity, logic, and well-supported arguments. By following these steps, you can develop strong, well-researched papers that meet academic standards.

1. ACADEMIC WRITING ELEMENTS OF ACADEMIC WRITING work type format pages deadline subject title sources instructions fee

2. WORK TYPE Kind of work Example; Introduction Thesis statement-summary Body Topic sentence Su t pportive sentence Paragraphs Conclusion Reflection of the introduction, body and Importance.

3. RESEARCH Abstract Statement of the programme Hypothesis- problem existing Literature review- other views Findings

4. REFLECTION What you learnt from given piece and its impact to life. You can be given a theme to discuss.

5. ANALYSIS Summarize the piece given Highlight some causes, advantages and disadivantages Background/relationship of an author. Highlight main idea.

6. CRITIQUE Being for or against a given piece CREATIVE WRITING Being creative on a given topic.

7. REVIEW Write a summary Producer/owner When produced Impacts caused to individuals.

8. POWER POINT PRESENTATION Slides Introduction Body and conclusion

9. FORMAT APA 6th edition APA7th edition MLA Chicago Harvard Turobian

10. APA 6TH EDITION Cover page- 6 enters Title Student’s name Institution Page numbering should be top right N/B Use times new roman font 12, black color. Margin- 00, Special settings>1st line then for reference, hanging.

11. Body Title Paragraphs Intext citations (Lucy, 2023) Quotes. Either long or short. REFERENCES last page name of author year of publication title of resource subtitle and link if any,

12. APA 7th EDITION Title (bold) Student’s name Institution Course Instructor Date PARAGRAPH Title, heading sub titles (bold) intext citations (same as 6th)

13. MLA FORMAT Student’s name Institutional affiliation Course Instructor Date Title

14. Paragraphs Double spaced Intext citation (Lucy, 272)name and page number. Page numbering; Surname then page number.

15. HARVARD, TUROBIAN AND CHICAGO Optional cover page but incase asked, use APA 7th edition’s. Intext citation; author, title, year of publication. (Lucy, academic writer, 2023) Or title, page number. FOR A BIBLIOGRAPHY, USE 7th EDITION SEPARATED BY FULL COLON. TITLE AND SUBS SHOULD BE IN ITALICS. USE ACESSED FROM LINK IF ANY

16. USEFUL WEBSITES Quillbot- paraphrasing tool Sci-hub- opening premium documents from scholars Google scholar.