White and Beige Cute Illustrative Thesis Defense Presentation.pptx

Research

1. THE LEVEL OF WRITING COMPETENCY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TERMS OF RESEARCH RESEARCHERS: RICHELLE A. DACUYA MICHELE ANN D. PANUELOS RACHELLE ANNE R. TUSCANO AVRIL C. RODELA ALDREN SAMBO JOMAR S. CERIAS

2. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1

3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Society expect academic institution to take the lead in research. Which has resulted in a slew of legislative proposal and program to support research and innovation. As a result, students need to comply by submitting a research paper and defend it at the end of the school year (Oriokot et al., 2011; Tabuena, 2020). In writing a research paper, students are guided by the rules in terms of format, content, and mechanics, which involves a critical in finishing the paper. Research is integral to any learning institution in securing learning goals. An institution’s inability to produce and publish high-quality research is a strong indication that higher learning is not supported (Padagas & Hajan, 2020).

4. The primary objective of this study is to describe the competency level of the students in writing the research papers. This present study involves the selected Senior High School students taking research as an elective subject. The result of this study would help the students in the research writing process and research teacher to enhance and develop the curriculum that will benefit the students, teacher and institution. This study would also aid future researcher in identifying new ways to teaching research procedure, and serve as a reference if they were to do a study on the subject.

5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

6. This study is an attempt to evaluate the writing skills of grade 12 students in Northern Canaman High School as reflected in their research specifically it seek to answer the following question. 1. How competent are the grade 12 students as to: a. Writing the Introduction. a. 1 Content b. 2 Coherence b. Writing the Review of Related Literature and Studies. a. 1 Content b. 2 Coherence c. Writing Citation

7. 2. What are the common strengths and weakness in writing the Introduction and the Review of Related Literature and Studies of grade 12 students in Northern Canaman High School as to: a. Writing Introduction b. Writing the Review of Related Literature and Studies. c. Writing Citation 3. What intervention in writing the Introduction and Review of Related Literature and studies can be proposed to address the weakness identified?

8. ASUMPTION

9. The study focuses on the attempt to evaluate the writing skills of grade 12 students in Northern Canaman High School as reflected in their research. The following assumptions were made. 1. The researchers assumed that the respondents are highly competent in writing the Introduction, Review of Related Literature and Studies and Citation. 2. The researchers assumed that the strength of the respondents is writing citation and introduction, while their weakness writing the review of related literature and studies. 3. The researchers assumed that the intervention to address the weakness identified is to have a research enhancement program for students.

10. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

11. The study gives school administrator, students, parents, and the general public enough relevant information. This study, which focuses on the general academic strand of the chosen grade 12 student’s will be valuable not only to Northern Canaman High School, but also to entire Division of Canaman. The findings of this study will illustrate how crucial writing abilities are for students in closing communication gaps and their future occupation and work places. Therefore, developing student’s abilities and confidence as well as ensuring their success in their chosen sector depend greatly wonder communicative ability.

12. Students. This will help them to identify their key strength as well as their weakness in writing a research paper in order to enhance their performance through the practices they will get from the remedial intervention. They can use the essential information and feedback from the study to better improve their writing skills. Parents. It will help them to choose which career is suited for their children and also for them to know the strength and weakness of their children in terms of writing a research paper.

13. Senior High School Teachers. The findings of the study will also be beneficial for them to reassess their professional practices in using in teaching the language which later on help them improve their writing skills. This will further guide them to enhance the students’ competence in writing by employing teaching approaches and strategies which will answer the current deficiencies of the students. This will likewise provide them ideas to generate instructional materials modules and every strand in order to address the specific needs of the students. Future Researchers. This will guide and inspire them in conducting related researchers in academic writing to determine the writing skills of the students and its impact on their performance.

14. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

15. This study seeks to evaluate the competency level of grade 12 students in writing the Introduction, Writing Citation, and Review of Related Literature and Studies. The respondents are 30 students in Grade 12 of Northern Canaman High School, school year 2023-2024. Excluded from the study are the Grade 11 and the Junior High School students.

16. DEFINITION OF TERMS

17. Northern Canaman Highschool. It refers to the secondary school at Fundado, Canaman Camarines Sur and is the research locale of the study. Research. Is a piece of formal academic writing taken by a student in a senior high school program as a final requirement. I ntroduction. Is the chapter 1 of a research that introduces the background of the study, statement of the problem, assumption, scope and delimitation, definition of terms and significance of the study. Review of related literature and studies. This is part of the the research chapter 2, that contains the related literature, related study, synthesis, conceptual framework, and theoretical framework.

18. Intervention. Is the act of making a change or introducing a new strategy in order to address the weakness of the grade 12 students identified, such has the research enhancement program for students. Competency. Is the skill or proficiency display by the grade 12 students in writing a research paper. Content. This refers to the two chapter of the research paper which is the Introduction and Review of Related Literature and Studies. Citation. Is the process of identifying in the acknowledging the author/s or source their names, year of publication, and page number in the textual presentation or discussion. Coherence. Means the togetherness of ideas within a paragraph or a longer discourse where sentences with each other using discourse markers and transitional words, phrases or clauses.

19. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES CHAPTER 2

20. Level of Writing Competency of Students Writing a research paper is one of the major activities in educational institutions. In order to promote quality, the researcher writing process should be considered. This study aims to explore the specific research part where the students have difficulty writing the research paper. Identifying the weakest point can lead to the success of the research writing process. This study made an assessment of the competency level of the research students in writing their research paper. It utilized the quantitative descriptive method and followed the purposive sampling technique, where in the lead researchers and writers were chosen as respondents in the study.

21. Related Studies

22. According to Perez (2019), Writing comprises many dimensions, one of its dimensions is the technical writing. Teaching technical writing among students is significantly needed as preparation for on the job skills required for future employment. The study yielded that the students acquired low competence. The result explains that students, school and teacher are perceived to have high level of contribution as factor in the students technical writing competence needs thorough enhancement, in doing so, the students, school, and teachers may consider working collaboratively to equip their skills in technical writing.

23. Moreover Maharani (2021) says that, most of the students fulfil the content of the texts but does not cover sufficient range of points and most of the texts are poorly organize; only one out of five texts is ordered locally but, therefore, and however are used to connect one sentence or one paragraph to the others though they sometimes are not properly used. Besides, students also have insufficient knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures, for example the repeated use of the word English in the same paragraph instead of using pronoun it or the wrong use of reflective pronoun in the sentence of the students itself where itself should be themselves. In the sense of the appropriateness of style to the topic, text type, purpose and target reader, it shows that all of the styles of the texts are formal and appropriate.

24. Furthermore, according to Alova and Benedicto (2023), the students’ sex has no significant difference in the students’ level of competence in grammar and academic writing, while the students’ parents’ highest educational attainment has a significant difference with the students’ academic writing competence, especially with parents’ that has a post-graduate degree. It can be concluded that the proficiency of the students in grammar does not correlate with their academic writing skills of the students.

25. In addition base on Hikma (2021), the students are good in writing contents, style and organization but they are still poor in mechanics and grammar; the students have more errors in grammar aspects such as the usage of thoughts, contracted words, distributions of thoughts per sentence, and on mechanics wherein students have errors on usage of punctuation, capitalization of proper nouns, proper indention of the paragraph and sentence breaks, and the supplementary learning material must be developed to improve the writing skills competence of the students.

26. According to Harmer and brown (2007) as cited by Novi Yulianti, there are two views that can be seen in writing, these are product and process of writing. Product of writing should give the attention in the final of writing. Such as report, essay, the story and others. It means that the writing should be paid attention in certain standard of writing in English, the accurate grammar, and the alue of the end product. On other hand, when writing is seen by the process, it focuses on the process of how the ideas to be transformed into words

27. Related Literatures

28. There are some previous studies which is taken by some researchers. According to Buffe (2020), writing is meant as the expression of ideas, opinions, or thoughts and feelings but writing is a recursive process, which means students, revise throughout the process, frequently moving back and forth among the stage. The students should learn strategies for invention and discover, and teacher should help students generate content and discover a purpose. It is also stated that readers, purpose and occasion, all define types of writing, writers’ intention, and the readers’ needs. It means that writing is a complex process and it seems reasonable to expect, then, that the teaching of writing is complex as well.

29. According to the Grade Network (2019), different studies show positive results in the proficiency of the learners who were taught at an early age. In other words, language learners who are exposed to the different approaches in learning the target language are less likely to struggle in overall literacy and to communicate. One way to help students improve their writing skills is to increase writing activities that focus not just on penmanship but on strategies, planning, ang organization moreover, learners with confidence and writing skills can help them to be more effective in communicating. This allows them to express their thoughts by demonstrating their knowledge and by engaging in informative discussions that would help them to further their personal understanding. Concerns regarding the relationship between student communication skills and course material were addressed by Nadine rice in her article, “Meeting the Reading Challenges of Science Textbooks in the Primary Grades.”

30. According to Dominguez and Judikis (2016), development of a research competence in university student of Mexico through blended learning. It identifies the knowledge skill and values that the research competence must contain and also identify the knowledge and skill that a university student must possess to be considered with the competence which are: scientific and technical knowledge, methodological knowledge, correct punctuation, grammar and spelling, procedures for asking and identify issues of the research project, procedure for planning the time needed to work on the research/formulation of research projects. Identifying and writing scientific hypothesis for research project developing communication skills, developing goals and purposes, academic skills, skills to manage research among others.

31. According to Caliwan-Fuentes (2017) Descriptive study was adopted for this, a total of 136 students were randomly selected. The study revealed that respondents are practitioners in the field of research with a mean of 3.34, and also the respondents are practitioners in writing introduction, methodology, results and discussion, conclusion and recommendation, abstract and references which implies that writing research is an activity the respondents are familiar with. The study also revealed that sources of research competences which are current research course, self-study/reading reference material and research, training and seminars and study mission. The study also revealed that the common problem encountered by the respondents in the conduct of research is lack of time/class schedule which does allow the conduct of research.

32. According to Memarpour, Fard and Ghasemi (2015) conducted research on evaluation of attitude to, knowledge of and barriers toward research among medical science students. They examined knowledge and obstacles to conduct research among undergraduate and postgraduate students in the field of medicine in addition to their attitude. Their study showed favourable knowledge of research, but students’ opinion towards research was inadequate. Undergraduate showed better attitude than postgraduate students and females had better knowledge than males, but no gender-based difference was observed in attitude to research.

33. SYNTHESIS

34. According to Perez (2019) and Maharani (2021), the students are low competent in writing, students also have insufficient knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures while according Hikma (2021), the students are good in writing content, style and organization but they are still poor in mechanics and grammar. Moreover, Alova and Benidicto (2023) says that the students sex has no significant difference in their level of competence in academic writing, but according to Memarpour, Fard and Ghasemi (2015), females had better knowledge than makes. Furthermore, according to Harmer and Brown (2017), writing should be paid attention in certain standard of writing and accurate, this is also one of the most important things to do for the students nowadays.

35. For them to have better improvements in addition according to Buffe (2020) and Grade Network (2019), students should revise throughout the process, and frequently moving back and form among the stage learners are more proficient in writing who were taught at an early age. Domiguez and Sudikis (2016) says that research competence must contain and also identify the knowledge and skill that a student must possess to be considered with the competence which are scientific and technical knowledge, correct punctuation, and grammar and spelling. And according to Caliwan Fuentes (2017) the common problem encountered by the respondents in the conduct of research is lack of time/class schedule this is one of the most problem that the students are facing because of too much requirements they are having lack of time making or conducting their research.

36. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

37. THE LEVEL OF WRITING COMPETENCY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AS REFLECTED IN THEIR RESEARCH INPUT OUTPUT PROCESS FEEDBACK   1.) Determining the Competency level of grade 12 students as to:   a. Writing Introduction b. Writing the review of literature and studies c. Writing Citation   2.) Determining the strengths and weakness in writing the review of related literature and studies.     > Survey   > Data Gathering   > Data Analysis   > Data Interpretation   1.) Providing regular feedback on progress and areas improvement.   2.) use quality reliable sources.   3.) Collecting and analyzing data accurately.   4.) Determining the intervention that can propose to address the weakness identified.

38. Input – The following are the inputs of this study: (1) Determining the competency level of grade 12 students as to: Writing the introduction and review of related literature and studies (2) Determining the strength and weakness in writing the introduction, review of related literature and studies, and writing citation. Process - the procedure started by letters that the researcher prepared, and with the permission of the school head of Northern Canaman High School. Upon having the permission of the school head, the researcher will held data gathering by having a survey containing 20 questions that will be answered of the students. This survey will help us to identify the level of their writing competency. The results were treated and interpreted with appropriate statistical tools.

39. Output – the following output are: (1) providing regular feedback on progress and areas improvement: (2) use quality reliable sources: (3) collecting data accurately (4) determining the intervention. Feedback – The arrow from the output going to the input shows the effect of the following output. This show that the following output will solve the following output will solve the following problems in input. Meanwhile the broken arrow in the process simply shows that if the process didn’t work properly then it would have a problem in output and the process should be reviewed.

40. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

41. Cognitive Processes Theory L. Flower and J. Hayes (2018) -Is the theory in which the author uses their own goals in two key ways: by generating both high-level goals and supporting sub-goals which embody the writer’s developing sense of purpose, and then, at times, by changing major goals or even establishing entirely new ones based on what has been learned in the act of writing.   Sociocultural Theory L. Vygotsky (2015) -The process in which students learning different concepts increases, through engagement with their peers’ work and receiving peer feedback on their own writing. It is a perspective on writing which tries to account for the cognitive operations and representations that underlie the social process of communicating meaning through discourse in a specific social context.” Grounded Theory B. Glaser (2010) -A systematic methodology that has been largely applied to  qualitative research  conducted by  social scientists . The methodology involves the construction of hypotheses and theories through the collecting and analysis of data. Grounded theory involves the application of  inductive reasoning .   THE LEVEL OF WRITING COMPETENCY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AS REFLECTED IN THEIR RESEARCH

42. Cognitive processes L. Flower and J. Hayes (2018) Is the theory in which the author uses their own goals in two key ways: by generating both high-level goals and supporting sub-goals which embody the writer’s developing sense of purpose, and then, at times, by changing major goals or even establishing entirely new ones based on what has been learned in the act of writing.

43. Sociocultural Theory L. Vygotsky (2015) The process in which students learning different concepts increases, through engagement with their peers’ work and receiving peer feedback on their own writing. Social cognitive is “a perspective on writing which tries to account for the cognitive operations and representations that underlie the social process of communicating meaning through discourse in a specific social context.” Lastly, the ecological theory is “a way of looking at literacy using concepts from ecology.” There are many theories when it comes to writing literature, however the theory that I follow the most when writing is Cognitive process theory. Sociocultural theory   emphasizes the importance of culture and interaction in the development of cognitive abilities . Vygotsky differed with Piaget in that he believed that a person has not only a set of abilities but also a set of potential abilities that can be realized if given the proper guidance from others.

44. Grounded Theory B. Glaser (2010) Grounded theory is a systematic methodology that has been largely applied to   qualitative research  conducted by  social scientists . The methodology involves the construction of hypotheses and theories through the collecting and analysis of data. Grounded theory involves the application of  inductive reasoning . The methodology contrasts with the  hypothetico-deductive model  used in traditional scientific research. A study based on grounded theory is likely to begin with a question, or even just with the collection of qualitative data. As researchers review the data collected, ideas or concepts become apparent to the researchers.

45. METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 3

46. Research Design

47. According to the formulated research objectives and specific problems, the researchers chose the quantitative method as an appropriate research method.

48. CONTEXT AND PARTICIPANTS

49. The participants involved in this study were selected grade 12 students from General Academic Strand and Technical Vocational Livelihood Program in Northern Canaman High School during the second semester of school year 2023-2024. The total number of participants is 30 learners. Convenience sampling was utilized by the researcher in choosing the participants in this research.

50. INSTRUMENT

51. The researcher choose to use the survey questionnaire. That will question the respondents' profiles and evaluate their competency level in writing a research paper. The first part consist their personal information and the second part consist of 25 items, which shows the different task in writing the Introduction, Review of Related Literature and Studies, and writing Citation. The respondents needs to evaluate their research writing competencies by checking their level of competencies using the 5 scale.

52. DATA PROCEDURE

53. The researcher find a respondents by convenience sampling, and give them a rating scale consists of 25 questions that is required to be answered. After collecting the data the researchers will tabulate and do data analysis to have a conclusion. This survey will be held in Northern Canaman High School.

54. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

55. Descriptive statistical analysis was chosen as statistical treatment of the researchers that has been use in this study, which summarizes the data collected in the survey. The summary will help the researcher to determine the level of writing competency of the grade 12 students in Northern Canaman High School as reflected in their research.