Why should we teach grammar?Pedagogical issues

1. **Why Teach Grammar?**
- **Communication Clarity**: Grammar provides a framework for clear communication. When learners understand grammar rules, they can express themselves more accurately and effectively.
- **Language Proficiency**: A solid grasp of grammar contributes to overall language proficiency. It helps learners comprehend texts, write coherently, and engage in meaningful conversations.
- **Cultural Context**: Grammar reflects cultural norms and nuances. Teaching it allows learners to navigate social contexts appropriately.
- **Literary Appreciation**: Understanding grammar enhances appreciation of literature. It enables learners to analyze texts and appreciate stylistic choices made by authors³.

2. **Pedagogical Issues in Grammar Teaching and Assessment**:
- **Traditional vs. Communicative Approaches**: Balancing traditional grammar instruction (rules, drills) with communicative approaches (using language in context) is a challenge. Striking the right balance ensures both accuracy and fluency.
- **Contextualization**: Teaching grammar in context (within meaningful sentences or texts) is crucial. Isolated drills may not lead to practical language use.
- **Individual Differences**: Learners have varying needs and learning styles. Adapting grammar instruction to cater to diverse learners is essential.
- **Assessment Challenges**: Assessing grammar proficiency can be tricky. Traditional tests often focus on discrete items, but real-world language use involves integrated skills.
- **Feedback**: Providing constructive feedback on grammar errors without discouraging learners is an ongoing dilemma¹⁴.

Remember, effective grammar teaching considers both linguistic accuracy and communicative competence. 😊

1. ISSUES OF GRAMMAR TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT

2. agenda INTRODUCTION 3 WHY TEACH GRAMMAR 4 5 VISUAL AIDS 6 FINAL TIPS & TAKEAWAYS 11

3. WHY TEACH GRAMMAR? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Teaching grammar provides students with the skills to communicate in a concise and articulate manner, which in turn will benefit them in school and in later life Proper knowledge of grammar will help students to achieve effective communication skills both speech and written forms, which necessary across academic and in many career paths and jobs. In order to be able to speak a language to some degree of proficiency and to be able to say what we really want to say, we need to have some grammatical knowledge.

4. Thornbury (2006) Reasons why grammar is taught 1. Sentence machine argument - Grammar offers us the means for potentially limitless linguistic creativity. 2. Fine tuning argument - Grammar creates an explicit sentence in order for the listeners and readers avoid confusions. 3 . Fossilization argument Teaching grammar counters the risk of fossilization.

5. Thornbury (2006) Reasons why grammar is taught 4. Advance organizer argument Grammar acts as a kind of advance organizer for later acquisition. 5 . Discrete item argument - Language is easier through grammar by organizing it into categories and breaking it into smaller parts. 6. Rule of law argument

6. PEDAGOGICAL ISSUES - Pedagogical issues include how to teach, what to assess, and the forms of assessment. TWO MAIN APPROACHES IN TEACHING GRAMMAR 1. Inductive Approach – In teaching grammar teachers don’t teach the grammatical rules directly but let the students discover them through a learning experience in terms of finding the target language. Before discussing the rules of grammar present students sentences and let them spot the grammatical error in the sentences. From specific to general.

7. PEDAGOGICAL ISSUES - Pedagogical issues include how to teach, what to assess, and the forms of assessment. TWO MAIN APPROACHES IN TEACHING GRAMMAR 2. Deductive Approach – A traditional teaching approach in which information about target language and rules are given at the beginning of the class and then continued with examples - The teacher first explains what grammars are and then the learners are expected to answer practice questions. - From general to specific.

8. selecting visual aids ENHANCING YOUR PRESENTATION

9. effective delivery techniques Effective body language enhances your message, making it more impactful and memorable: Meaningful eye contact Purposeful gestures Maintain good posture Control your expressions This is a powerful tool in public speaking. It involves varying pitch, tone, and volume to convey emotion, emphasize points, and maintain interest: Pitch variation Tone inflection Volume control 9

10. navigating q&a sessions Know your material in advance Anticipate common questions Rehearse your responses Maintaining composure during the Q&A session is essential for projecting confidence and authority. Consider the following tips for staying composed: Stay calm Actively listen Pause and reflect Maintain eye contact 10

11. speaking impact Your ability to communicate effectively will leave a lasting impact on your audience Effectively communicating involves not only delivering a message but also resonating with the experiences, values, and emotions of those listening 

12. speaking impact Learn to infuse energy into your delivery to leave a lasting impression One of the goals of effective communication is to motivate your audience METRIC MEASUREMENT TARGET ACTUAL Audience attendance # of attendees 150 120 Engagement duration Minutes 60 75 Q&A interaction # of questions 10 15 Positive feedback Percentage (%) 90 95 Rate of information retention Percentage (%) 80 85 12

13. final tips & takeaways CONSISTENT REHEARSAL Strengthen your familiarity REFINE DELIVERY STYLE Pacing, tone, and emphasis TIMING AND TRANSITIONS Aim for seamless, professional delivery PRACTICE AUDIENCE Enlist colleagues to listen & provide feedback Seek feedback Reflect on performance Explore new techniques Set personal goals Iterate and adapt 13

14. speaking engagement metrics IMPACT FACTOR MEASUREMENT TARGET ACHIEVED Audience interaction Percentage (%) 85 88 Knowledge retention Percentage (%) 75 80 Post-presentation surveys Average rating 4.2 4.5 Referral rate Percentage (%) 10 12 Collaboration opportunities # of opportunities 8 10 14

15. thank you BRITA TAMM 502-555-0152 [email protected] www.firstupconsultants.com