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Windows Server 2016
Cookbook

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EFTJHOFEUPQSFQBSFBOZTFSWFSBENJOJTUSBUPSUPXPSLXJUI
8JOEPXT4FSWFS

Jordan Krause

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

Windows Server 2016 Cookbook

Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the
information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without
warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its
dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused
directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the
companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: January 2015
Second edition: November 2016

Production reference: 1151116

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-JWFSZ1MBDF
-JWFSZ4USFFU
#JSNJOHIBN
#1#6,
ISBN 978-1-78588-383-5
XXXQBDLUQVCDPN

Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Learning the Interface 8
Introduction 9
Shutting down or restarting the server 10
Getting ready 10
How to do it… 10
How it works… 13
Launching Administrative Tools 14
Getting ready 14
How to do it… 14
How it works… 16
Using WinKey + X for quick admin tasks 16
Getting ready 16
How to do it… 16
How it works… 18
Using the search function to launch applications quickly 18
Getting ready 18
How to do it… 19
How it works… 21
Managing remote servers from a single pane with Server Manager 21
Getting ready 21
How to do it… 22
How it works… 24
See also 25
Using PowerShell to accomplish any function in Windows Server 25
Getting ready 25
How to do it… 26
How it works… 28
Installing a role or feature 28
Getting ready 28
How to do it… 28
How it works… 30
Administering Server 2016 from a Windows 10 machine 30
Getting ready 31

[ ii ]
How to do it… 31
How it works… 33
See also 33
Identifying useful keyboard shortcuts in Server 2016 33
Getting ready 33
How to do it… 33
How it works… 35
Setting your PowerShell Execution Policy 35
Getting ready 35
How to do it… 36
How it works… 38
Building and executing your first PowerShell script 38
Getting ready 38
How to do it… 39
How it works… 42
Searching for PowerShell cmdlets with Get-Help 42
Getting ready 43
How to do it… 43
How it works… 44
Chapter 2: Core Infrastructure Tasks 45
Introduction 45
Configuring a combination Domain Controller, DNS server, and DHCP
server
46
Getting ready 47
How to do it… 47
How it works… 52
See also 52
Adding a second Domain Controller 53
Getting ready 53
How to do it… 53
How it works… 55
Organizing your computers with Organizational Units 56
Getting ready 56
How to do it… 56
How it works… 59
Creating an A or AAAA record in DNS 60
Getting ready 60
How to do it… 60
How it works… 63

[ iii ]
See also 64
Creating and using a CNAME record in DNS 64
Getting ready 64
How to do it… 65
How it works… 65
See also 66
Creating a DHCP scope to assign addresses to computers 66
Getting ready 66
How to do it… 66
How it works… 68
Creating a DHCP reservation for a specific server or resource 68
Getting ready 69
How to do it… 69
How it works… 71
Pre-staging a computer account in Active Directory 71
Getting ready 72
How to do it… 72
How it works… 74
Using PowerShell to create a new Active Directory user 74
Getting ready 74
How to do it… 74
How it works… 77
See also 77
Using PowerShell to view system uptime 77
Getting ready 78
How to do it… 78
How it works… 81
Chapter 3: Security and Networking 82
Introduction 83
Requiring complex passwords in your network 83
Getting ready 83
How to do it… 83
How it works… 86
Using Windows Firewall with Advanced Security to block unnecessary
traffic
86
Getting ready 86
How to do it… 87
How it works… 89
Changing the RDP port on your server to hide access 89

[ iv ]
Getting ready 90
How to do it… 90
How it works… 92
Multi-homing your Windows Server 2016 92
Getting ready 92
How to do it… 93
How it works… 94
See also 95
Adding a static route into the Windows routing table 95
Getting ready 96
How to do it… 96
How it works… 98
Using Telnet to test a connection and network flow 99
Getting ready 100
How to do it… 100
How it works… 102
Using the Pathping command to trace network traffic 102
Getting ready 103
How to do it… 103
How it works… 104
Setting up NIC Teaming 104
Getting ready 104
How to do it… 105
How it works… 107
Renaming and domain joining via PowerShell 107
Getting ready 107
How to do it… 107
How it works… 110
See also 110
Building your first Server Core 111
Getting ready 111
How to do it… 112
How it works… 115
See also 115
Chapter 4: Working with Certificates 116
Introduction 117
Setting up the first Certification Authority server in a network 117
Getting ready 119
How to do it… 119

[ v ]
How it works… 124
See also 126
Building a Subordinate Certification Authority server 127
Getting ready 127
How to do it… 127
How it works… 130
See also 130
Creating a certificate template to prepare for issuing machine
certificates to your clients
130
Getting ready 131
How to do it… 131
How it works… 133
Publishing a certificate template to allow enrollment 134
Getting ready 134
How to do it… 134
How it works… 136
Using MMC to request a new certificate 136
Getting ready 137
How to do it… 137
How it works… 140
Using the web interface to request a new certificate 140
Getting ready 140
How to do it… 141
How it works… 144
Configuring Autoenrollment to issue certificates to all domain joined
systems
144
Getting ready 145
How to do it… 145
How it works… 148
Renewing your root certificate 149
Getting ready 149
How to do it… 150
How it works… 152
Chapter 5: Internet Information Services 153
Introduction 154
Installing the Web Server role with PowerShell 154
Getting ready 154
How to do it… 155
How it works… 156

[ vi ]
See also 157
Launching your first website 157
Getting ready 157
How to do it… 157
How it works… 161
Changing the port on which your website runs 161
Getting ready 161
How to do it… 162
How it works… 163
Adding encryption to your website 164
Getting ready 164
How to do it… 164
How it works… 166
Using a Certificate Signing Request to acquire your SSL certificate167
Getting ready 167
How to do it… 168
How it works… 170
Moving an SSL certificate from one server to another 171
Getting ready 171
How to do it… 172
How it works… 175
Rebinding your renewed certificates automatically 175
Getting ready 176
How to do it… 176
How it works… 178
Hosting multiple websites on your IIS server 178
Getting ready 179
How to do it… 179
How it works… 183
Using host headers to manage multiple websites on a single IP
address
184
Getting ready 184
How to do it… 184
How it works… 187
Chapter 6: Remote Access 188Introduction 189
DirectAccess planning question and answers 190
Configuring DirectAccess, VPN, or a combination of the two 193
Getting ready 194

[ vii ]
How to do it… 194
How it works… 196
Pre-staging Group Policy Objects to be used by DirectAccess 197
Getting ready 198
How to do it… 198
How it works… 200
Enhancing the security of DirectAccess by requiring certificate
authentication
201
Getting ready 202
How to do it… 202
How it works… 205
Building your Network Location Server on its own system 205
Getting ready 206
How to do it… 206
How it works… 210
Enabling Network Load Balancing on your DirectAccess servers 210
Getting ready 211
How to do it… 211
How it works… 216
Adding VPN to your existing DirectAccess server 217
Getting ready 217
How to do it… 218
How it works… 220
Replacing your expiring IP-HTTPS certificate 220
Getting ready 221
How to do it… 221
How it works… 222
Reporting on DirectAccess and VPN connections 223
Getting ready 223
How to do it… 224
How it works… 227
Chapter 7: Remote Desktop Services 228Introduction 229
Building a single server Remote Desktop Services environment 230
Getting ready 230
How to do it… 230
How it works… 234
Adding an additional RDSH server to your RDS environment 234
Getting ready 234

[ viii ]
How to do it… 235
How it works… 237
Installing applications on a Remote Desktop Session Host server 238
Getting ready 238
How to do it… 238
How it works… 241
Disabling the redirection of local resources 242
Getting ready 242
How to do it… 243
How it works… 245
Shadowing another session in RDS 245
Getting ready 246
How to do it… 246
How it works… 249
Installing a printer driver to use with redirection 249
Getting ready 250
How to do it… 250
How it works… 254
Removing an RD Session Host server from use for maintenance 255
Getting ready 256
How to do it… 256
How it works… 257
Publishing WordPad with RemoteApp 258
Getting ready 258
How to do it… 258
How it works… 262
Tracking user logins with Logon/Logoff scripts 263
Getting ready 263
How to do it… 263
How it works… 268
Chapter 8: Monitoring and Backup 269
Introduction 270
Using Server Manager as a quick monitoring tool 270
Getting ready 270
How to do it… 271
How it works… 275
Using the new Task Manager to its full potential 276
Getting ready 276
How to do it… 276

[ ix ]
How it works… 281
Evaluating system performance with Windows Performance Monitor 281
Getting ready 282
How to do it… 282
How it works… 287
Using Format-List to modify PowerShell data output 287
Getting ready 287
How to do it… 288
How it works… 291
Configuring a full system backup using Windows Server Backup 291
Getting ready 291
How to do it… 291
How it works… 294
Recovering data from a Windows backup file 295
Getting ready 295
How to do it… 295
How it works… 298
Using IP Address Management to keep track of your used IP
addresses
298
Getting ready 298
How to do it… 299
How it works… 303
Checking for viruses in Windows Server 2016 304
Getting ready 304
How to do it… 304
How it works… 307
Chapter 9: Group Policy 308Introduction 308
Creating and assigning a new Group Policy Object 309
Getting ready 309
How to do it… 310
How it works… 314
Mapping network drives with Group Policy 314
Getting ready 315
How to do it… 315
How it works… 317
Redirecting the My Documents folder to a network share 317
Getting ready 318
How to do it… 318

[ x ]
How it works… 321
Creating a VPN connection with Group Policy 321
Getting ready 322
How to do it… 322
How it works… 324
Creating a printer connection with Group Policy 324
Getting ready 324
How to do it… 325
How it works… 326
Using Group Policy to enforce an Internet proxy server 327
Getting ready 327
How to do it… 327
How it works… 330
Viewing the settings currently enabled inside a GPO 330
Getting ready 330
How to do it… 330
How it works… 331
See also 331
Viewing the GPOs currently assigned to a computer 332
Getting ready 332
How to do it… 333
How it works… 336
See also 336
Backing up and restoring GPOs 337
Getting ready 337
How to do it… 337
How it works… 343
See also 344
Plugging in ADMX and ADML templates 344
Getting ready 344
How to do it… 345
How it works… 346
Chapter 10: File Services and Data Control 347
Introduction 348
Enabling Distributed File System and creating a Namespace 348
Getting ready 349
How to do it… 349
How it works… 355
Configuring Distributed File System Replication 355

[ xi ]
Getting ready 356
How to do it… 356
How it works… 361
Creating an iSCSI target on your server 361
Getting ready 362
How to do it… 362
How it works… 366
See also 366
Configuring an iSCSI initiator connection 366
Getting ready 366
How to do it… 367
How it works… 369
Configuring Storage Spaces 370
Getting ready 370
How to do it… 371
How it works… 374
See also 375
Storage Spaces Direct 375
Storage Replica 376
Turning on data deduplication 377
Getting ready 377
How to do it… 377
How it works… 380
See also 380
Setting up Windows Server 2016 work folders 380
Getting ready 381
How to do it… 381
How it works… 386
See also 386
Chapter 11: Nano Server and Server Core 387
Introduction 388
Configuring Server Core from the console 389
Getting ready 389
How to do it… 389
How it works… 393
Switching between Server Core and Desktop Experience? 394
Getting ready 394
How to do it… 394
How it works… 396

[ xii ]
Building your first Nano Server 396
Getting ready 397
How to do it… 397
How it works… 400
See also 400
Nano Server Image Builder 400
Exploring the Nano Server console 401
Getting ready 401
How to do it… 401
How it works… 404
Managing Nano and Core with Server Manager 404
Getting ready 405
How to do it… 405
How it works… 409
Managing Nano and Core using remote MMC tools 409
Getting ready 409
How to do it… 410
How it works… 413
Managing Nano and Core with PowerShell remoting 413
Getting ready 413
How to do it… 414
How it works… 417
See also 417
Chapter 12: Working with Hyper-V 419
Introduction 420
Creating a Windows Server that runs Hyper-V 421
Getting ready 421
How to do it… 422
How it works… 423
Creating a Hyper-V Server 424
Getting ready 424
How to do it… 425
How it works… 430
Networking your VMs 430
Getting ready 430
How to do it… 431
How it works… 435
Building your first virtual machine 435
Getting ready 435

[ xiii ]
How to do it… 435
How it works… 443
Using the VM Settings page 443
Getting ready 443
How to do it… 444
How it works… 449
Editing virtual hard disks 449
Getting ready 449
How to do it… 449
How it works… 452
Using Checkpoints as rollback points 453
Getting ready 453
How to do it… 454
How it works… 459
Index 460

Preface
Microsoft is the clear leader of server racks in enterprise data centers across the globe. Walk
into any backroom or data center of any company and you are almost guaranteed to find
the infrastructure of that organization being supported by the Windows Server operating
system. We have been relying on Windows Server for more than 20 years, and rightfully so-
–nowhere else can you find such an enormous mix of capabilities all provided inside one
installer disc. Windows Server 2016 continues to provide the core functionality that we have
come to rely upon from all previous versions of Windows Server, but in better and more
efficient ways. On top of that, we have some brand new capabilities in Server 2016 that are
particularly mind-bending, new ways to accomplish more efficient and secure handling of
our network traffic and data.
There is a relevant question mixed into all this server talk, “We hear so much about the
cloud. Isn’t everyone moving to the cloud? If so, why would we even need Windows Server
2016 in our company?” There are two different ways to answer this question, and both
result in having huge benefits to knowing and understanding this newest version of
Windows Server. First, there really aren’t that many companies moving all of their
equipment into the cloud. In fact, I have yet to meet any business with more than 10
employees who has gone all-in for the cloud. In almost all cases, it still makes sense that you
would use at least one on premise server to manage local user account authentication, or
DHCP, or print services, or for a local file server–-the list goes on and on. Another reason
companies aren’t moving to the cloud like you might think they are is security. Sure, we
might throw some data and some user accounts to the cloud to enable things like federation
and ease of accessing that data, but what about sensitive or classified company data? You
don’t own your data if it resides in the cloud – you don’t even have the capability to
manage the backend servers that are actually storing that data alongside data from other
companies. How can you be guaranteed of your data’s security and survival? The ultimate
answer is that you cannot. And this alone keeps many folks that I have talked to away from
moving all of their information to the cloud. The second reason it is still important to build
knowledge on the Windows Server platform is that even if you have made the decision to
move everything to the cloud, what server platform will you be running in the cloud that
you now have to log into and administer? If you are using Azure for cloud services, there is
a very good chance that you will be logging into Windows Server 2016 instances in order to
administer your environment, even if those Server 2016 boxes are sitting in the cloud. So
whether you have on premise servers, or you are managing servers sitting in the cloud
somewhere, learning all you can about the new Windows Server 2016 operating system will
be beneficial to your day job in IT.

Preface
[ 2 ]
When I first learned of the opportunity to put together this book, it was a difficult task to
assemble an outline of possible recipes. Where to begin? There are so many different roles
that can be run in Windows Server 2016, and so many tasks within each role that could be
displayed. It was a natural reaction to start looking for all of the things that are brand new
in Server 2016, and to want to talk only about recipes that display the latest and greatest
features. But then I realized that those recipes on their own won’t accomplish anything
helpful for someone who is trying to learn about Windows Server administration for the
first time. It is critical that we provide a base understanding of the important infrastructural
roles that are commonly provided by Windows Server, because without that baseline the
newest features won’t amount to a hill of beans.
So my hope is that you find a pleasant mix of both in this volume. There are recipes that
tackle the core infrastructure tasks that we have been performing in previous versions of
Windows Server, but now focusing on how to make them work in the new Windows Server
2016. Then we mix those core tasks with recipes that display some of the brand new
features provided in 2016 that enhance the standard roles and services. Some recipes are
clearly for the beginner, while others get deeper into the details so that someone already
experienced with working inside Windows Server will gain some new knowledge out of
reading this book. We will discuss the roles that are critically important to making any
Microsoft network function: Active Directory, DNS, DHCP, certificate services, and so on.
Then we will also bring some light to the new functions inside Windows Server 2016 like
Nano Server and Storage Spaces Direct.
A primary goal of this cookbook is to be a reference guide that you can come back to time
and again when you need to accomplish common tasks in your environment, but want to
ensure that you are performing them the right way. I hope that through these chapters you
are able to become comfortable enough with Windows Server 2016 that you will go out and
install it today!
What this book covers
$IBQUFS, Learning the Interface, starts us on our journey working with Windows Server
2016 as we figure out how to navigate the look and feel of this new operating system, and
gain some tips and tricks to make our daily chores more efficient.
$IBQUFS, Core Infrastructure Tasks, takes us through configuring and working with the
core Microsoft technology stack. The recipes contained in this chapter are what I consider
essential knowledge for any administrator who intends to work in a Windows network.
$IBQUFS, Security and Networking, teaches us some methods for locking down access on
our servers. We will also cover commands which can be very useful tools as you start
monitoring network traffic.

Preface
[ 3 ]
$IBQUFS, Working with Certificates, will start to get us comfortable with the creation and
distribution of certificates within our network. PKI is an area that is becoming more and
more prevalent, but the majority of server administrators have not yet had an opportunity
to work hands-on with them.
$IBQUFS, Internet Information Services, brings us into the configuration of a Windows
Server 2016 box as a web server in our network. Strangely, in the field, I find a lot of
Microsoft networks with Apache web servers floating around. Let’s explore IIS as a better
alternative.
$IBQUFS, Remote Access, digs into using your Server 2016 as the connectivity platform
which brings your remote computers into the corporate network. We discuss DirectAccess
and VPN in this chapter.
$IBQUFS, Remote Desktop Services, encourages you to look into using Server 2016 as a
virtual session host or VDI solution. RDS can be an incredibly powerful tool for anyone
interested in centralized computing.
$IBQUFS, Monitoring and Backup, covers some of the capabilities included with Server 2016
to help keep tabs on the servers running in your infrastructure. From monitoring system
performance and IP address management to backing up and restoring data using the tools
baked into Windows, these recipes will walk you through some helpful tasks related to
monitoring and backup.
$IBQUFS, Group Policy, takes us into the incredibly powerful and far reaching
management powers contained within Active Directory that are provided out of the box
with Windows Server 2016.
$IBQUFS, File Services and Data Control, provides us with information and step-by-step
recipes on some of the lesser known ways that data can be managed on a Windows server.
We will cover technologies like DFSR, iSCSI, and Server 2016 Work Folders. Also included
is information about the new Storage Spaces Direct, and Storage Replica.
$IBQUFS, Nano Server and Server Core, encourages us to shrink our servers! Most of us
automatically deploy all of our servers with the full graphical interface, but often times we
could make our servers more efficient and more secure by using one of the headless
interfaces. Let’s explore these capabilities together to see where they can fit into your
environment.
$IBQUFS, Working with Hyper-V, takes a look into the backend interface of our
virtualization infrastructure. Many server administrators only ever access their virtual
machines as if they were physical servers, but there may come a day when you need to get
into that backend administration and create a new VM or adjust some settings.

Preface
[ 4 ]
What you need for this book
All the technologies and features that are discussed in the recipes of this book are included
with Windows Server 2016! As long as you have access to the operating system installer
disc and either a piece of hardware or a virtualization environment where you can spin up a
new virtual machine, you will be able to install the operating system and follow along with
our lessons.
Many of the tasks that we are going to accomplish together require a certain amount of base
networking and infrastructure to be configured, in order to fully test the technologies that
we are working with. The easiest method to working through all of these recipes will be to
have access to a Hyper-V server upon which you can build multiple virtual machines that
run Windows Server 2016. With this available, you will be able to build recipe upon recipe
as we move through setting up the core infrastructure tasks, and then utilize those same
servers to build upon in the later recipes. Building a baseline lab network running Server
2016 for the Microsoft infrastructure roles like Active Directory, DNS, DHCP, certificates,
and web/file services will help you tremendously as you move throughout this book. If you
are not familiar with building out a lab, do not be dismayed. Many of the recipes included
here will help with building the structure of the lab itself.
Who this book is for
This book is for system administrators and IT professionals that may or may not have
previous experience with Windows Server 2012 R2 or its predecessors. Since the start of this
book, I have been contacted and asked many times whether the core, baseline information
to beginning to work with Windows Server will be included. These requests have come
from current desktop administrators wanting to get into the server world, and even from
developers hoping to better understand the infrastructure upon which their applications
run. Both will benefit from the information provided here. Anyone hoping to acquire the
skills and knowledge necessary to manage and maintain the core infrastructure required for
a Windows Server 2016 environment should find something interesting on the pages
contained within.
Sections
In this book, you will find several headings that appear frequently (Getting ready, How to
do it, How it works, There's more, and See also).
To give clear instructions on how to complete a recipe, we use these sections as follows.

Preface
[ 5 ]
Getting ready
This section tells you what to expect in the recipe, and describes how to set up any software
or any preliminary settings required for the recipe.
How to do it…
This section contains the steps required to follow the recipe.
How it works…
This section usually consists of a detailed explanation of what happened in the previous
section.
There's more…
This section consists of additional information about the recipe in order to make the reader
more knowledgeable about the recipe.
See also
This section provides helpful links to other useful information for the recipe.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds
of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions,
pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "Then
utilize the
TIVUEPXO command to take care of the rest."
A block of code is set as follows:
1BSBN
<1BSBNFUFS.BOEBUPSZUSVF><TUSJOH>4FSWFS/BNF

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
hostname
shutdown /r /t 0

Preface
[ 6 ]
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for
example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "Click on Tools in the upper-
right corner."
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tips and tricks appear like this.
Reader feedback
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Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to help you
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Preface
[ 7 ]
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11
Learning the Interface
In an effort to become familiar with the look and feel of Windows Server 2016, you will
learn how to navigate through some daily tasks using the graphical interface. On our
agenda in this chapter are the following recipes:
Shutting down or restarting the server
Launching Administrative Tools
Using WinKey + X for quick admin tasks
Using the search function to launch applications quickly
Managing remote servers from a single pane with Server Manager
Using PowerShell to accomplish any function in Windows Server
Installing a role or feature
Administering Server 2016 from a Windows 10 machine
Identifying useful keyboard shortcuts in Server 2016
Setting your PowerShell Execution Policy
Building and executing your first PowerShell script
Searching for PowerShell cmdlets with Get-Help

Learning the Interface
[ 9 ]
Introduction
Windows 8 and Server 2012 brought us a drastic change in the way that we interfaced with
the Windows operating system, and most of us didn't think that change was for the better.
By now I assume you have all seen, used, and are hopefully deploying Windows 10 on your
client computers, which brings some relief with regard to the user interface. With Windows
10 we have kind of a mix between Windows 7 and Windows 8, and it fits the needs of most
people in a better way. Just like the last couple of rollouts of the Microsoft Windows
operating systems, the Server platform follows on the heels of the Desktop version, and the
look and feel of Windows Server 2016 is very much like Windows 10. In fact, I would say
that Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 are more alike than the Windows 7/Server 2008
combination or the Windows 8/Server 2012 combination.
If you have been using Windows 10, you already have a good head start for successfully
interfacing with Windows Server 2016. However, if you are still using older equipment and
haven't had a chance to really dive into the latest and greatest operating systems, these big
changes in the way that we interact with our servers can be a big stumbling block to
successfully utilizing the new tools. Many differences exist when comparing Server 2016 to
something like Server 2008, and when you are working within three levels of Remote
Desktop Protocol (RDP), bouncing from one server to another, all of these little differences
are compounded. It suddenly becomes difficult to know which server it is that you are
working on or changing. Let's have a show of hands, how many of you have mistakenly
rebooted the wrong server? Or even more likely, how many of you have rebooted your own
computer while you were trying to reboot a remote server? I know I have! And not just
once.
Hope is not lost! I promise you that, once you learn to manage the interface, rather than
letting it manage you, some of these changes may start to seem like good ideas. They can
increase productivity and the ease of accomplishing tasksawe just need some pointers on
making the best use of the new interface.
The recipes in this chapter are dedicated to doing just that. Let's work together to gain a
better understanding of why the interface was built the way it is, and learn to take
advantage of these new screens and settings.

Learning the Interface
[ 10 ]
Shutting down or restarting the server
I just couldn't resist starting with this one. Yes, this seems trivial. Silly even. However, the
number of times that I have watched a simple server restart consume more mouse clicks
than creating a domain controller has convinced me that this needed to be in the book.
Perhaps the shutdown and restart options were hidden away purposefully, because once
your system is up and running, there is not often a need to accomplish either of these tasks.
When first configuring the box, though, it is very common to have to reboot a couple of
time or to shut down a machine to move it to another location. Let's face it, it doesn't seem
to matter how many years computers have been around, many times the magical reboot is
still the fixaall answer to most problems, even if we have no idea why.
Getting ready
To go through this recipe, you will need a Windows Server 2016 system online. There are
no other prerequisites.
How to do it…
Let's take a look at three different ways to shut down or restart your system. The first is
going to be the most commonly employed. The second is still being used by quite a few
folks who had to work hard at getting this strange location in their heads during the
Windows 8 rollout, and they have continued to use it from that point forward. The third is
less commonly known but is by far my favorite when tasked with restarting a remote
server.

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[ 11 ]
The first option, thankfully, is in a location that actually makes sense. I say thankfully
because when Server 2012 was released, this option didn't exist, and finding the restart
function was much more difficult. Just like we had always been able to do prior to the
Windows 8 rollout, we can simply click on the Start button, and see right there near the
bottom that we have Power control options available to us.
Now, when you click on Shut down or Restart, you are asked to supply a reason why you
are restarting. Common sense tells us that if you are manually clicking on the Restart
button, there is a pretty good chance you are actually intending to restart the server, right?
A planned occurrence? But what is the default option that presents itself? Other
(Unplanned). Alas, this silly default option is certainly going to cause us log files full of
unplanned restarts, even though all of those restarts were actually planned. Because let's be
realanobody takes the time to change that dropdown menu before they click Continue.

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[ 12 ]
The second method to accomplish shutting down or restarting is by right-clicking on the
Start button. We will discuss this little menu that is presented when right-clicking on Start
in our next recipe, but for the sake of a quick shut down or restart, you can simply right-
click on the Start button, and then choose Shut down or Sign out.
Each of the previous two examples runs the risk of rebooting the wrong system. Depending
on how many layers of remote connections, such as RDP, you are using, it is fairly easy to
reboot your own computer or the wrong server instead of the server you intended to reboot,
because it is fairly easy to click on the Start button of a different system than the one you
intended in the first place. The most definitive, and dare I say the most fun way of
restarting your server is to utilize a Command Prompt. Doing this gives you the
opportunity to double check that you are manipulating the correct machine. Open up a
Command Prompt and run a quick hostname check to make sure you are restarting the one
you really intend to. Then utilize the
TIVUEPXO command to take care of the rest. This
process can be especially helpful when logged into remote servers using RDP. Use the
following commands to perform the explained operations:
hostname
shutdown /r /t 0

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[ 13 ]
If you were to simply type TIVUEPXO, the server would shut itself down in 60 seconds.
Using
S indicates a restart rather than a shutdown, and U is a timing flag that indicates
the number of seconds the server should wait before restarting. Specifying slash zero here
tells it to wait for zero seconds before initiating the restart.
How it works…
Shutting down or restarting a server doesn't require a lot of explanation, but I hope that this small recipe gets some thought going about creative ways to do regular tasks. As you will see throughout this book, you can accomplish anything in Windows Server 2016 through the use of commands or scripts. You could easily turn the
TIVUEPXO command, the last
example that we tested in this recipe, into a batch file, and place it on the Desktop of each of
your servers as a quick double-click option for accomplishing this task.
However, I work with RDP windows inside RDP windows very often. When you're
bouncing around between a dozen servers that all have the same background image, I have
decided that the only sure-fire way to make sure you are restarting the correct device is to
do a quick
IPTUOBNF check before you initiate the restart. If you are interested in
discovering all of the available flags that are available to use with the
TIVUEPXO command,
make sure to type in
TIVUEPXO sometime to take a look at all of the available options.

Learning the Interface
[ 14 ]
Using the Command Prompt is also an easy way to log off a server. Let's
say you are layers-deep in RDP and want to log off from a single server
(not all of them). Are you sure you clicked on the Start button of the right
server? Instead, open up a prompt and simply type
-PHPGG.
Launching Administrative Tools
Earlier versions of Windows Server placed all of the Administrative Tools in a self-named
folder right inside the Start menu. This was always a quick and easy place to visit in order
to see all of the Administrative Tools installed onto a particular server. This location for the
tools disappeared as of Server 2012, because of the infamous Start Screen. I am glad to say
that a more traditional-looking Start menu has returned in Windows Server 2016, and
inside it once again is a link to the Windows Administrative Tools. However, as you also
know there is this thing called Server Manager that loves to present itself every time that
you log in to a server. Since Server Manager is already on your screen most of the time
anyway, it is actually the fastest way to launch these Administrative Tools that you need to
utilize so often. Let's take a look at launching your commonly used infrastructure tools right
from inside the Server Manager interface.
Getting ready
All you really need is a Windows Server 2016 machine online. The more roles and services
that you have running on it, the more options that you will see on your screen as we
navigate these menus.
How to do it…
To launch Administrative Tools from your Desktop, perform the following steps:
Open up Server Manager. In fact, if you just logged into the server, it's probably1.
already open for you.
Click on Tools in the upper-right corner.2.

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[ 15 ]
There you go. A full list of all the Administrative Tools installed onto that server. Heading
into this list is also a quick way of taking a look into what a particular server is doing, which
you can take an educated guess at based on what roles and services are installed. By looking
at the following screenshot, we can see that this server appears to be a domain controller
that is also running DNS and DHCP, because all of the related tools are available to choose
in this list. That is accurate, as this is my DC1 domain controller server. It is important to
note that your server may be running components that do not show up in this list. For
example, if you install a role via PowerShell and do not enter the parameter to also install
the management tools for that role, it is possible that you could have a server where the role
is up and running, but the management tools simply have not been installed. In that case,
those tools would not show up in this list.

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How it works…
Since Server Manager likes to open automatically when logging in, let's make quick use of it
to open the tools that we need to do our jobs. Another way to have easy access to your tools
from the Desktop is to create shortcuts or to pin each of them to your taskbar. Sometimes
this isn't as easy as it sounds. In the past, these tools were all grouped together in the
"ENJOJTUSBUJWF5PPMT folder, so you didn't have any reason to memorize the exact
names of the tools. While you can access them that way again in Server 2016, that folder
may or may not appear inside the Start menu depending on how the server is configured,
because it appears as one of the live tiles. If you click on the Start button, you could try
using the search function to find the tool you are looking for, but its name may not
immediately come to you. If you're a consultant working on someone else's server, you may
not want to pin anything to their Desktop anyway, and you certainly don't want to resort to
using Bing in front of them to look up the name of the tool. So I like to stick with launching
Administrative Tools from Server Manager since it always exists, and the tools will always
be available inside that menu.
Using WinKey + X for quick admin tasks
There are some functions in Windows that a server administrator needs to use all the time.
Instead of making shortcuts or pinning them all to the taskbar, let's get to know this hidden
menu, which is extremely useful for launching these commonly used admin tools.
Getting ready
A running Windows Server 2016 machine is all we need to highlight this one. In fact, this
menu also exists on any Windows 10 computer, so make use of it often!
How to do it…
There are two ways to open this little menu. While you are in the Server 2016 Desktop, you
can perform either of these steps:
Hold down your Windows key (WinKey) on the keyboard and press X.1.

Learning the Interface
[ 17 ]
Hover your mouse over the Windows flag in the lower-left corner of the2.
Desktopathe Start buttonawhen you right-click on that button you will see a
menu, shown in the following screenshot:

Learning the Interface
[ 18 ]
How it works…
This little quick-tasks admin menu is very easy to open and is very convenient for
launching programs and settings that are accessed often. I won't talk too much about what
particulars are in the menu as it's pretty self-explanatory, but I use this menu multiple times
per day to open up the System properties and the Command Prompt, as it has an option to
open an administrative Command Prompt right from the menu.
Look at that, you can also shut down the server from here!
Using the search function to launch
applications quickly
The Start screen in Windows Server 2012 was not the greatest idea to come out of Microsoft,
and unfortunately what it did was train people to no longer click on the Start button, so that
we didn't have to deal with the Start screen. Windows 10, and therefore Windows Server
2016, have moved back to a more traditional Start menu, but it is going to take a little bit of
time to retrain ourselves to make use of it on a daily basis. I know it will for myself,
anyway. Ever since Windows 7 was released, I have been using the Start menu for one
critical function in my daily workflow: searching. Let's explore the search capabilities of
Server 2016, which can be accessed with a single press of a button.
Getting ready
For this recipe, you will need a Windows Server 2016 system online.

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[ 19 ]
How to do it…
There are two quick ways that you can search inside Server 2016, and they are right next to
each other. If you take a look in the lower-left corner of your screen inside the taskbar, you
will see a little magnifying glass next to the Start button. Looks like a search function to me.
Click on that button, and you can start typing the name of whatever you would like to
search for. In the following screenshot, you can see that I have clicked on my magnifying
glass and typed
DNE in order to find the Command Prompt application.
Search results are presented at the top of that screen, and you can choose what you are looking for accordingly. This is a quick, easy searchabut I'm not a fan of it because I don't
like using my mouse unless I have to. Grabbing my mouse in order to click on the
magnifying glass slows down what I'm trying to do while my hands are on the keyboard, so
let's take a look at a faster way to search. No matter where you are in Windows Server 2016,
no matter what applications you have open, you can always press the WinKey on your
keyboard to open up the Start menu, right? What you may not know is that as soon as your
Start menu is open, you can immediately start typing anything in order to search for it. If
you need to open Command Prompt, press WinKey and type
DNE. If you need to search for
a document called
5FYU, press WinKey and type 5FYU. I employ this method of opening
applications all day every day. This way I don't have to pin anything, I don't have to create
any shortcuts, and most importantly, I don't have to use my mouse in order to launch
applications.

Learning the Interface
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Learning the Interface
[ 21 ]
How it works…
From the Start menu, we can search for anything on the server. This gives us the ability to
quickly find and launch any program or application that we have installed. This includes
Administrative Tools. Rather than moving into Server Manager in order to launch your
administrative consoles from the Tools menu, you can also search for them on the Search
menu, and launch from there. It also gives us the ability to find files or documents by name.
Another powerful way to use the search function in Windows Server 2016 is to open any
kind of setting that you might want to change. In previous versions of Windows, you had to
either memorize the way to get into the settings that you wanted to change or you had to
open up Control Panel, where you had to poke and prod your way around until you
stumbled upon the one that you were looking for. Now it is a very simple matter of
pressing the Windows key, typing the first few characters of the setting or program you
want to launch, and pressing Enter.
Another common task to perform from the Search screen is to right-click on the application
that you are trying to launch and pin it somewhere. When you right-click on a program
from the Search screen, you see options to pin the program to either your Start menu or to
the taskbar. This will create a quick-launch shortcut on either the main Start menu or on the
taskbar of the Desktop mode, giving you easier and faster access to launch those
applications in the future.
Managing remote servers from a single pane
with Server Manager
As you have already noticed, Server Manager has changed significantly over the past
couple of versions of Windows Server. Part of these changes are a shift in mindset where
the emphasis is now placed on remote management of servers. Server Manager in Windows
Server 2016 can be used to manage and administer multiple systems at the same time, all
from your single pane of glass, the monitor where you are sitting. In this recipe, you are
going to learn how to manage both the local server we are logged into, as well as a remote
server, from the same Server Manager window.
Getting ready
For this recipe, we need two servers. One is the machine we are physically logged into.
Another is a server on the same network that we can contact from our primary server so
that we can manage it from our local Server Manager.

Learning the Interface
[ 22 ]
How to do it…
To manage a local as well as a remote server from the same Server Manager window,
perform the following instructions:
Log in to your primary server and launch Server Manager. You will see in the1.
upper-left corner that the only server you have listed is the Local Server that we
are logged into.
Now head over toward the top-right of Server Manager and click on the Manage2.
button. In this menu, click on Add Servers.

Learning the Interface
[ 23 ]
If your servers are part of a domain, finding remote machines to manage is very3.
easy by simply selecting them from the default Active Directory tab. If they are
not yet joined to your domain, you simply click over to the tab labeled DNS and
search for them from that screen.
After adding the servers that you want to manage, if you go ahead and click on4.
All Servers in the left window pane, you will see the additional servers listed that
you have selected. If you double-click or right-click on those remote server
names, you have many options available to you to remotely manage those
machines without having to log into them.

Learning the Interface
[ 24 ]
Note that certain servers could resist being manipulated in this way. It is
possible to restrict remote management on servers through Group Policy.
If that has been done in your environment, you may find that remotely
administering them from a centralized console is not possible, and you
would have to lift those restrictions on your servers.
How it works…
Server Manager makes use of the Windows Remote Management (WinRM) tools to
remotely manipulate servers. Historically, most of us who administer Windows Servers
make extensive use of RDP, often having many windows and connections open
simultaneously. This can cause confusion and can lead to tasks being accomplished on
servers for which they are not intended. By using Server Manager from a single machine to
manage multiple servers in your network, you will increase your administrative efficiency
as well as minimize human error by having all management happen from a single pane of
glass.

Learning the Interface
[ 25 ]
This recipe is written with the most common network scenario in mind, which is a domain
environment where both servers have been joined to the domain. If you are working with
standalone servers that are part of a workgroup, rather than being joined to a domain, you
will have some additional considerations. In the workgroup scenario, WinRM will need to
be enabled specifically, and the Windows Firewall will have to be adjusted in order to allow
the right ports and protocols for that WinRM traffic flow to happen successfully. In general,
though, most of you will be working within a Microsoft domain network, in which case
these items are not necessary.
See also
The Administering Server 2016 from a Windows 10 machine recipe
Using PowerShell to accomplish any
function in Windows Server
An incredibly powerful tool in Windows Server 2016 is PowerShell. Think of PowerShell
like a Command Prompt on steroids. It is a command-line interface from which you can
manipulate almost anything inside Windows that you may care to. Better yet, any task that
you may wish to accomplish can be scripted out in PowerShell and saved off as a
QT
script file, so that you can automate large tasks and schedule them for later, or at regular
intervals. In this recipe, let's open up PowerShell and run some sample commands and
tasks just to get a quick feel for the interface. In a later chapter of the book, we will do some
more specific tasks with PowerShell to go even deeper into the technology.
Getting ready
To start using PowerShell, all you need is a server with Windows Server 2016 installed.
PowerShell is installed and enabled by default.

Learning the Interface
[ 26 ]
How to do it…
To get a feel of using PowerShell, perform the following steps:
PowerShell used to exist in the taskbar by default, which was smart because we1.
really should be pushing people to use it rather than Command Prompt, right?
Unfortunately, PowerShell is not in the taskbar by default in Server 2016, but the
Windows Store isb? Explain that one to me some day. So our first step to
working in PowerShell is finding it. Thankfully, we know how to search for
applications now, so I'll just press my WinKey and type
1PXFS4IFMM. Once my
search result is displayed, I am going to right-click on Windows PowerShell and
choose to Run as administrator.
Test out some commands that you are familiar with from using the Command2.
Prompt, such as
EJS and DMT. Since you are able to make use of these familiar
commands, PowerShell can really be your one and only command-line interface
if you choose.

Learning the Interface
[ 27 ]
Now let's try some of the PowerShell secret sauce, one of its cmdlets. These are3.
special commands that are built into Windows and allow us to do all kinds of
information gathering, as well as manipulation of server components. Let's start
by pulling some data. Maybe take a look at what IP addresses are on the system
with
(FU/FU*1"EESFTT.
The previous command probably gave you a lot more information than you4.
needed, since most companies don't make use of
*1W inside their network yet.
Let's whittle this information down to the
*1W-specific info that you are most
likely interested in. Enter
(FU/FU*1"EESFTT"EESFTT'BNJMZ*1W to attain
it.

Learning the Interface
[ 28 ]
How it works…
PowerShell has so many commands and cmdlets, we just wanted to get a feel for launching
the program and pulling some data with this particular recipe. There are countless
(FU
commands to query information from the server, and as you have seen those cmdlets have
various parameters that can be appended to the cmdlets to pull more specific data to meet
your needs. To make things even better, there are not only
(FU cmdlets, but also 4FU
cmdlets, which will allow us to make use of the PowerShell prompt to configure many
aspects of the configuration on our server, as well as remote servers. We will dive further
into PowerShell in a later chapter.
Installing a role or feature
You've installed the Windows Server 2016 operating system onto a piece of hardware.
Great! Now what? Without adding roles and features to your server, it makes a great paper
weight. We're going to take the next steps here together. Let's install a role and a feature
into Windows so that we can start making this server work for us.
Getting ready
As long as you have a Windows Server 2016 installed and running, you are ready to install
roles and features onto that machine.
How to do it…
To install a role and a feature into Windows, perform the following steps:
Open Server Manager. In the middle of the screen, you'll see a link that says Add1.
roles and features. Click on that link.
Click Next on the first summary screen and you will come to a choice on the2.
second page. For most roles and features, we want to leave it set at the top bullet,
which is Role-based or feature-based installation. If we were configuring
Remote Desktop Services, which we will discuss in another chapter, then we
would choose the second option.

Learning the Interface
[ 29 ]
Now we choose where we want to install a new role or feature. This is a neat3.
page, as we can choose from any server that we have added into our Server
Manager, or we can even choose to install a role or feature into a virtual hard
disk. I am running the Add Roles Wizard from DC1, but I want to install the IIS
role onto WEB1. Rather than having to log into WEB1 to accomplish this task, I
will do it right from here. In the following screenshot, you can see WEB1 listed as
a server that I can install a role onto, even though I am opening this console on
the DC1 server.
Scroll down and choose the role that you want to install. For WEB1, I am4.
choosing the Web Server (IIS) role. Then click Next.
You can install more than one role or feature at a time. Some roles require
additional components to be installed for them to work properly. For
example, when I chose to install the IIS role and clicked Next, I was
prompted about needing to install some management tools. Simply click
on the Add Features button to automatically add the items that it needs to
perform correctly.

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Now choose any features that you would like to install. For example, in order to5.
do some network connectivity testing later, go ahead and select Telnet Client
from the list.
Read and click Next through the informational messages that are displayed.6.
These messages will vary depending on which roles and features you have
installed.
The final screen is your installation summary. If everything looks correct, go7.
ahead and click on Install.
After your roles and features have finished installing, the server may or may not have to
reboot. This depends on whether or not the role installation requires it. Following
installation, or following the reboot, if your new role needs any additional configuration or
setting up to be completed, you will be notified at the top of the Server Manager screen.
How it works…
Adding roles and features to a Windows Server is something that every administrator will
have to do sooner or later. These items are necessary to turn on the functions in the server
that will perform tasks that need to be performed in your environment. Adding roles is
quite straightforward. However, it is interesting to see the options that are available to add
more than one role or feature at a time. Moreover, the ability to remotely install these items
for servers in your network that you are not logged into is intriguing.
Administering Server 2016 from a Windows
10 machine
In the Managing remote servers from a single pane with Server Manager recipe, we discussed
remotely administering another server by using Server Manager. Did you know we can
accomplish the same remote management by using our day-to-day Windows 10 computer?
We will install and use the Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) to take even more
advantage of Server 2016's remote management ideology.

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Getting ready
To test out the RSAT tools, we will need a Windows 10 client machine. We will then also
need a Windows Server 2016 system online, and on the same network, which we can
remotely control and manage.
How to do it…
To remotely manage a server using RSAT, follow these instructions:
First, we need to download the RSAT tools. You can use Bing to search for1.
Remote Server Administration Tools for Windows 10, or use this link to
download RSAT for Windows 10:
IUUQTXXXNJDSPTPGUDPNFOVTEPXOMPB
E
EFUBJMTBTQYJE. Here is also the link for the same RSAT tools in the
Windows 8.1 flavor:
IUUQXXXNJDSPTPGUDPNFOVTEPXOMPBEEFUBJMTBTQ
Y
JE. After you install these tools onto your Windows 10 or 8.1 computer,
you should now have a copy of Server Manager installed onto your computer. Go
ahead and launch that from the Start menu. You can pin it to your Taskbar for
quicker launching in the future, of course. In the same fashion, as with Server
2016, you can use the Manage menu to add servers to Server Manager.
For this recipe, I do have the machines we are working with joined to a domain,2.
so we will take a look at adding servers that are part of the domain.

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Click on the Find Now button and you will see a list of server names that are3.
remotely manageable.
Click on the server names that you want to administer and click on the arrow to4.
move them over to the right side of the screen. Upon clicking on OK, you will see
these new servers listed and ready for management inside your Server Manager
console.

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[ 33 ]
How it works…
Server Manager in Windows Server 2016 is a powerful tool that can be used for the
management of not only the local server but also remote servers that you want to manage. If
we take this even a step further and install the RSAT tools on a Windows 10 computer, this
gives us the ability to launch and use Server Manager from our everyday Windows 10
computer. In doing so, we enable ourselves to add roles, view events, and restart servers, all
from our own desk. Managing servers using these tools will increase productivity and
decrease errors because your entire infrastructure of servers can be available within a single
window. This is much more efficient than using the RDP client to connect to many different
servers, all in different windows. If you've never tried using RSAT to manage servers, give
it a try!
See also
The Managing remote servers from a single pane with Server Manager recipe
Identifying useful keyboard shortcuts in
Server 2016
I prefer using a keyboard over a mouse any day, for almost any task. There are numerous
keyboard shortcuts and tips and tricks that I employ on a daily basis and I want to test them
out with you in this recipe. Some of these shortcuts have been around for years and will
work with multiple versions of Windows Server; some are new in the Server 2016 operating
system. They will all be useful to you as you start working with servers in your network.
Getting ready
We are going to run these commands and keyboard shortcuts while logged into a Windows
Server 2016 machine.
How to do it…
Windows key: Opens the Start menu, where you can immediately start typing to
search for programs.

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Windows key + X: Opens the Quick Links menu, which we discussed in an
earlier recipe.
Windows key + I: Opens Windows Settings options.
Windows key + D: Minimizes all open windows and brings you back to the
Desktop.
Windows key + R: Opens the Run box. Launching applications this way is often
faster than using the Start menu, if you know the executable name of the
application you are trying to launch.
Windows key + M: Minimizes all windows.
Windows key + E: Opens File Explorer.
Windows key + L: Locks the computer.
Windows key + Tab: Takes you into the new Task View options.
Window key + Ctrl + D: Creates a new virtual Desktop from Task View.
Windows key + Ctrl + F4: Closes the current virtual Desktop.
Windows key + Ctrl + Left or Right Arrow: Move between different virtual
Desktops.
Windows key + 1 or 2 or 3 or`: Launches applications that are pinned to your
taskbar, in order. So the first application pinned to the taskbar would open with
WinKey + 1, for example.
Alt + F4: Exits the program you are currently working in. This is especially
helpful in full-screen appsalike those from the Windows Store c where it is not
always obvious how to exit the program with your mouse.
Alt + Tab: Displays a list of open programs so you can hop between them.
Shift + Delete: Holding down Shift while pressing Delete deletes files without
placing them into the Recycle Bin.
Using Tab inside Command Prompt or PowerShell: I cannot believe that I went
years without knowing about this one. When you are working inside Command
Prompt, if you type the first letter of a file or folder that exists in the directory
where you are working and then press the Tab key, it will auto-populate the rest
of the filename. For example, you may be trying to launch a Microsoft update file
with a filename that is 15 characters and comprises a mix of numbers and letters.
No need to type out that filename! Let's say the file starts with
,#. Simply
navigate to the folder where your installer exists, type
,#, and press Tab. The full
filename is populated inside Command Prompt and you can press the Enter key
to launch it.

Learning the Interface
[ 35 ]
How it works…
Keyboard shortcuts can greatly increase productivity once you are fluent with them. This is
not an extensive list by any means, there are many more key combinations that you can use
to launch apps, minimize and maximize windows, and do all sorts of other functions. This
is a list to get you started with the most common ones that I employ often. Start using these
with your daily tasks and I bet your mouse will start to feel lonely.
If you are interested in exploring more of the Windows Server 2016 key combinations
available, this website is a great place to start:
IUUQUFDIOFUNJDSPTPGUDPNFOVTMJC
S
BSZIIBTQY.
Setting your PowerShell Execution Policy
To say that the Windows operating system can be manipulated by PowerShell is a gross
understatement. They are fully intertwined, and PowerShell can be useful for so many tasks
on your servers. However, the ability to run PowerShell scripts is disabled by default on
many machines. The first stumbling block that many new PowerShell administrators bump
into is the Execution Policy. It's quite simple: in order to allow PowerShell scripts to run on
your server, the Execution Policy must be adjusted to allow that to happen. Let's introduce
our first task in PowerShell by using some commands in this recipe that will set this policy
for us.
This is also a good introduction to the idea of the verb-noun syntax that PowerShell utilizes.
For example, we are going to make use of cmdlets called
(FU&YFDVUJPO1PMJDZ and 4FU
&YFDVUJPO1PMJDZ
. The (FU(QBSBNFUFSOBNF) and 4FU(QBSBNFUFSOBNF) cmdlets are
very common across all facets of cmdlets available in PowerShell. Wrap your mind around
this verb-noun syntax and you will be well on your way to figuring out PowerShell on your
machines.
Getting ready
We will be working within a PowerShell prompt on our Windows Server 2016 box.

Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content

and a few bits of good tapestry and another panelled room. Freda
was there, and Lavinia Wray, who has just come back from South
America. She is looking so well, her lovely skin whiter than ever and
those huge eyes—George liked her enormously. He had never met
her before. How wonderful it would be if that could come off. It
would be exactly right. Of course I am sure Mrs Campion wants it
and is not likely to do anything stupid. I shall get Edith to help later
if possible. She is still in the country now. Mrs Housman has come
back to London and I hear from Randall that Housman is mad about
Mrs Park. I shall go and see her next week. George is in good spirits.
When I got back I couldn't bear the sight of my flat with those
glaring curtains and I have committed the great extravagance of
changing them. The new ones are coming next week. I hope they
will be a success as I shan't be able to change them again.
Yrs.
G.
From the Diary of Godfrey Mellor
Monday, October 11th.
Dined at the Club.
Tuesday, October 12th.
Had luncheon with Cunninghame to meet his sister, Mrs Howard.
She is older than he is and less communicative. Her husband is on
the Stock Exchange. She was only in London for the day but she
said she hoped I would come and see her when she settled in
London later. She has a house in Chester Street.
Wednesday, October 13th.
Dined with the Housmans last night. A. was there, Miss Housman
and Mrs Park. I sat next to Mrs Housman. Mrs Park contradicted A.
when he mentioned music and said something about the gross
ignorance of English amateurs. After dinner she asked Miss

Housman to accompany her. She sang some operatic airs and
Gounod's Ave Maria. I drove home with A., who told me he could not
bear Mrs Park.
Thursday, October 14th.
I am just back from dining with Lady Jarvis. A. was there, Miss Wray
and several other people. Lady Jarvis asked me if I had seen the
Housmans. I told her about my dinner there. She said that Mrs Park
was an intolerable woman: she knew her when she was a singer and
she said she had never met anyone who gave herself such airs.
Walked home with Cunninghame, who was dining there too. He is
dining with the Housmans on Sunday. The Carrington-Smith divorce
case is in the newspapers.
Friday, October 15th.
Dined at the Club.
Mrs Carrington-Smith has got her divorce.
Saturday, October 16th.
Spent the day at Woking with Solway. He has finished his Sonata.
Sunday, October 17th.
I went to see Mrs Housman this afternoon and found her at home.
After I had been there about five minutes a great many visitors
arrived and I left.
Letter from Guy Cunninghame to Mrs Caryl
HALKIN STREET,
Sunday, October
17th.
DEAREST ELSIE,
I am having a quiet Sunday in London. George is staying with the
Prime Minister. I dined last night with the Housmans. Mrs Park was

there, Randall and Miss Housman. Mrs Park is incredible: a
magnificent figure, hair dyed a rich bronze with flaming high lights,
dressed in a flowing robe of peach-coloured satin with a necklace of
fire-opals and a large diamond lyre on her shoulder; the semi-royal
manner of an ex-Prima Donna, at the same time making it quite
clear that she no longer mixed with the artistic world—she had
soared to the top of it and out of it. She said: "Years ago when I was
at Balmoral the dear Queen told me she reminded me of Grisi." I
said: "I suppose you mean you reminded her of Grisi," and she drew
herself up stiffly and said she meant what she said. She told me that
Madame Cosima had implored her to sing at Bayreuth but of course
she couldn't think of doing such a thing. Poor Theodore (her late
husband) hated Wagner. After dinner she sang, Miss Housman
accompanied her, a song out of Cavalleria. They had a fierce
argument about the time. Mrs Park said she was playing too fast,
which she was, although I don't believe Mrs Park knew this. Miss
Sarah stuck to her guns and played, if anything, faster. Mrs Park
then refused to sing. Housman asked his wife to accompany her,
which Mrs Housman most good-naturedly said she would be
delighted to do. This was more than Miss Housman could bear—she
said Mrs Housman was playing too slow and Mrs Park agreed. Miss
Housman tore Mrs Housman from the piano and sat there herself,
and the song was sung to the end. All seemed to be peaceable but
Miss Housman unfortunately couldn't refrain from saying that
Mascagni's music was rubbish, upon which Mrs Park burst into a
furious passion. Who was Miss Housman to judge? she screamed.
Miss Housman said she had studied music for five years under the
best musicians in the world at Leipzig. Mrs Park said she had sung to
Patti, who had said she was the only English artist worthy of the
name of "artist." Miss Housman, in a sardonic voice, said that Patti
was so kind. Mrs Park said that the arrogance of amateurs knew no
bounds. She had sung before the most critical public in two
continents. Miss Housman said she did not consider the Americans a
critical public. Mrs Park then said she would never sing again in the
Housmans' house as long as she lived, not if everyone went down on
their knees to her. Housman became greatly agitated and fussed

about the room, saying: "Never mind, never mind; we are all very
tired to-night, it's the east wind." Mrs Park said she always sang her
best in an east wind. I caught Mrs Housman's eye and we were
seized with a fit of uncontrollable laughter. We laughed till we shook.
Randall caught it too. This made things much worse. Mrs Park said
she was being insulted and swept out of the room, Housman
running after her. He came back alone gibbering with agitation, and
Miss Housman then attacked him and said of course if Albert (rolling
the "r" with a rapid guttural) would invite such awful people, what
could one expect? Then "Bert" got really angry and we all sat in
dead silence while he and Miss Sarah abused each other like
pickpockets. Then the door opened and Mrs Park came back saying
she had left her fan behind. She took no notice of us but
disappeared with Housman into the Oriental lounge, and there we
heard spirited skirmishes of talk going on in an undertone. Miss
Housman sat down defiantly at the piano and played, or rather
banged, the Rapsodie Hongroise. When this was over they both
came back and Housman suggested, with a nervous chuckle, that
we should all have some lemonade. We jumped at the idea and the
evening ended peaceably enough, but Mrs Park ignored Miss
Housman, was icy towards Mrs Housman, and made all her remarks
to me and Randall. I then left the house. Housman followed me
nervously to the door and said that Mrs Park had the artistic
temperament and that I mustn't mind, and that it was too bad of
Sarah to provoke her.
Yrs.
G.
P.S.—I suppose you read about the Carrington-Smith case in the
newspapers. Mrs Housman and I laughed a good deal about it when
"Bert" wasn't listening, but I am very sorry for Eileen. Aren't you?
From the Diary of Godfrey Mellor
Monday, October 18th.

A. has been staying with the Prime Minister. He does not appear to
have enjoyed himself very much. He asked me if I had seen the
Housmans lately.
Tuesday, October 19th.
A. and I dined with Cunninghame. Miss Wray was there, Mrs Howard
and Lady Jarvis. A. said afterwards that Miss Wray was a charming
girl—it was a pity that she did not marry.
Wednesday, October 20th.
I called on Mrs Housman late, but she was not at home. Housman
came out of the house as I was standing at the door. He asked me
to dinner on Sunday. I accepted.
Thursday, October 21st.
Dined at the Club.
Friday, October 22nd.
Dined with Mrs Howard. A. was there, Cunninghame, Miss Wray,
Miss Macdonald, and others. Mr Howard is half-Irish and very
boisterous. I sat next to Miss Wray; she said Mrs Campion was the
nicest woman she knew. Uncle Arthur and Aunt Ruth have come
back to London and are starting their Thursday evenings. They have
asked A. and myself to dinner on Thursday week.
Saturday, October 23rd.
A. has gone to the country to stay with a General; a military party.
Sunday, October 24th.
I had luncheon with Lady Jarvis. She told me she did not think Mrs
Housman would stay long in London, as the London winter was bad
for her; she said she thought she would most likely go to Florence.
I dined with the Housmans. A strange party. Mrs Park was the only
person there I had met before. There was a South African magnate
and his wife, a retired Indian official, and a Mr Perry, an Australian,
and his wife, who were apparently intimate friends of Mrs Park's, at

least she called him Tom. I sat next to Mrs Perry, who told me that
Paris had been a disappointment to her. She told me, also, that the
women in England were, according to Australian standards, dowdy.
On the other side of me was Lady Bowles, the wife of the Indian
official. She told me she was Mrs Park's greatest friend; she said she
lived at Cannes and only spent a few weeks in London every year;
they were staying at the Hyde Park Hotel. She found London
dreadfully slow: she was accustomed, she said, always to smoke
between the courses at dinner, and not to do so was a great
deprivation. She also said she was a great gambler and was used to
gambling all night. "Of course I find this exhausting," she said; "and
I always tell Harold I shall take to cocaine some day." Housman
seemed rather embarrassed. Miss Housman was not there. After
dinner Lady Bowles suggested a game of Poker. They all played
except Mrs Housman and they were still playing when I left.
Monday, October 25th.
I had luncheon with Cunninghame at his Club. He said A. had come
back from the country in a very bad temper and had said that
nothing would induce him to pay a visit anywhere again.
Tuesday, October 26th.
Went to a concert at the Queen's Hall. Saw the Housmans in the
distance, and to my astonishment I met A. in the interval. He said he
had been dragged there by his sister. I met them again as we were
going out. A. asked me to dinner on Friday.
Wednesday, October 27th.
Had luncheon with A. He seems in high spirits. He told me that his
sister had come up from London for the winter—she had taken a
house in Pont Street. He said the Housmans and Cunninghame were
dining on Friday and it would be a Cornwall party.
Thursday, October 28th.
Dined with Aunt Ruth—a large political dinner; the F.O. largely
represented, as usual. A. was there and sat next to the wife of the

French military attache, and on the other side of Aunt Ruth. I am
afraid he found the dinner tedious, but after dinner he talked to Miss
Wray: I sat next to her at dinner. She asked me if I had known A.
long. She said he was so like his sister. Uncle Arthur has not yet
grasped I am working in a public office. He asked me how I was
getting on in the city.
Friday, October 29th.
Dined with A. at his flat. Mr and Mrs Housman, Lady Jarvis, Miss
Wray, Cunninghame and Miss Macdonald, Mrs Campion was coming
but had been obliged to go down to the country. Mrs Housman said
she was very likely going abroad for the winter.
Saturday, October 30th.
A. was engaged to go somewhere in the country but he has put off
going. He left a telegram at the office to his hostess but forgot to fill
in the address. Tuke brought it to me. It was to Mrs Legget, Miss
Wray's aunt. She is not in Who's Who, but I rang up Lady Jarvis on
the telephone and she knew.
Sunday, October 31st.
I went to call on Mrs Housman but she was not at home.
Letter from Guy Cunninghame to Mrs Caryl
LONDON,
Monday,
November 1st.
DEAREST ELSIE,
I spent Sunday in London and had luncheon with Lady Jarvis. She
told me the Housman ménage was all upside down owing to Mrs
Park, who refused to let Housman see any of his old friends, insulted
them all, and quarrelled every day with Miss Housman, and insisted
on her friends being asked nightly to dinner—and what friends! Fast

colonials, Lady Jarvis says, and the dregs of the Riviera! Poor Mrs
Housman is utterly worn out. Mrs Park behaves exactly as if it were
her house, orders the servants about, complains of the food, and is
always there! The result is Mrs Housman has gone to Florence; she
was to leave this morning and she is going to stay there the whole
winter. I did not know how George would take this bit of news, but
he knew already and seems, oddly enough, in good spirits! Edith
thinks he is fond of Lavinia Wray and that he will end by marrying
her, but Lady Jarvis does not agree, although she said that his sister
thinks the same thing. They can't understand his being in such
spirits otherwise. Last Friday we all had dinner at George's flat. After
dinner, so Lady Jarvis told me, before we came out of the dining-
room they were playing the game of saying who you could marry
and who you couldn't, and after mentioning a lot of people, Godfrey
Mellor among others, Freda Macdonald said: "George." Lady Jarvis
and Freda said: "Oh yes; we could marry him." Mrs Housman and
Lavinia Wray said: "No—quite impossible."
Except Lady Jarvis, they are all extraordinarily optimistic about
George and think that there is nothing in the Housman thing and
that it will pass off and he will marry Lavinia. I am sure they are
wrong, and I am more depressed about it than words can say.
Lavinia is fond of him, too, and that is all that has been gained.
There are now three miserable people, instead of two! No letter from
you this week, but I hope to get one to-morrow.
Yrs.
G.
From the Diary of Godfrey Mellor
Monday, November 1st. Gray's Inn.
Received a letter from Mrs Housman saying that she was leaving for
Florence this morning, She was sorry not to have seen me yesterday.
She is going to stay in Florence until the end of May.

Tuesday, November 2nd.
Had dinner with A. alone at his flat. He was in low spirits and said
that he hates official life.
Tuesday, December 21st.
My Christmas holidays begin to-morrow. I am going to Aunt Ruth's.
Cunninghame is staying with Lady Jarvis. A. said he would most
probably spend Christmas with his sister, but he was not sure.
Thursday, December 23rd.
Received a telegram from Aunt Ruth saying the party was put off as
Uncle Arthur has got bronchitis. A telegram arrived for A. at the
office this morning. I telephoned to Tuke at his flat to know where to
forward it. Tuke said A.'s address for the next week would be Hotel
Grande Bretagne, Florence.
Christmas Day.
Dined at the Club.
Tuesday, December 28th.
Tuke telephoned to say not to forward any more letters to A. He was
on his way home.
Saturday, January 8th, 1910.
Received a letter from A. from his sister's house. He is coming up
next week. Riley has written to me from Paris to know whether I
could put him up next month. He is going to spend a month in
London. I have told him I would be glad of his company.
Letters from Guy Cunninghame to Mrs Caryl
ROSEDALE,
Saturday,
January 1st, 1910.

DEAREST ELSIE,
I have been staying with Lady Jarvis for Christmas. There is a very
small party, only Jane Vaughan and Winchester Hill besides myself.
Just before I came down here Housman asked me to dine with him
at the Carlton. I went and he was alone. After talking nervously on
ordinary topics, he told me he did not know what to do. It gradually
came out that Mrs Park is making his life quite unbearable. She
won't let him see any of his friends; she quarrels with Sarah, and
has the most violent scenes; she makes scenes every day, and not
long ago, he said, broke a fine piece of Venetian glass. He is
miserable; he says he can't call his soul his own. I told Lady Jarvis all
about this and she said the only thing to be done would be for
Housman to get Mrs Housman to come back. She has been away
two months, and if she comes back at the end of the month the
worst of the winter will be over. She is very much worried about Mrs
Housman and says this is most unfortunate, as it would be better
really in every way if she were to stay out there. You see Edith and
Mrs Campion and Freda all think that it is only a passing fancy of
George's and that he will get over it and marry Lavinia Wray! Lady
Jarvis says this is wrong; she knows they are wrong. She thinks
George and Mrs Housman are desperately in love with each other
and she doesn't know how it will end. She is so worried that she
nearly went out to Florence last week. She had heard from Mrs
Housman quite lately. She said in her last letter that George had
suggested coming out to Florence for Christmas with Mrs Campion.
She had told him that she would most likely not be in Florence as
the Albertis had asked her to spend Christmas with them at
Ravenna; she was not sure, however, whether she would go or not.
Whether George went or not, I don't know. He told me he was going
to spend Christmas with Mrs Campion at the Priory.
I am going back to London at the end of next week.
Yrs.
G.

LONDON,
Wednesday,
January 11th.
DEAREST ELSIE,
I came back to London on Monday. I asked Housman to dinner with
me and told him that he had much better get Mrs Housman back.
He said he quite agreed that it was the only thing to do. Things were
now worse than ever. Mrs Park was impossible. Poor little "Bert"! The
worst of it is, that directly this is over there is quite certain to be
someone else and perhaps someone worse. However, let us hope for
the best. George came to the office yesterday. He said he had been
staying with his sister; he said nothing about Florence. He is in low
spirits.
I shall certainly go abroad at Easter and spend a few days in Paris in
any case. Lady Jarvis is back in London, and the Shamiers. I dined
there last night. Lavroff was there and Louise is just as fond of him
as ever.
Poor Godfrey Mellor is terribly melancholy. He has got a friend
staying with him now and I don't see much of him.
Yrs.
G.
From the Diary of Godfrey Mellor
Tuesday, February 15th, 1910.
Alfred Riley arrived last night. He is now professor at Shelborough
University and is editing Propertius. He has come to consult some
books at the British Museum.
Wednesday, February 16th.
Sat up very late last night talking with Riley. He was amused by a
conversation he had overheard at a Club. Two men were talking

about someone who had become a Roman Catholic. Someone he
didn't know. One of them said to the other that it was a very
pleasant solution if you could do it. The other one said: "Certainly;
no bother, no responsibility ... everything settled for you." I said that
I did think the Confessional must be the negation of responsibility.
Riley said that by becoming a Catholic you became responsible for
all your actions. He said that before he was a Catholic he felt no
responsibility at all to anything or anyone, but that the moment you
were a Catholic everything you did and said counted. Every time you
went to Confession you acknowledged and confirmed your
assumption of responsibility. I mentioned a common friend of ours,
O'Neil, who had been a Catholic all his life and who, though he was
married, had never ceased to live with a Miss Silvia Thorpe, whom I
had known as an artist. He didn't hide it, neither did she. Riley said
that this proved his point. O'Neil never dreamt of going to
Confession; he knew it would be useless, because he had no
intention of giving up Miss Thorpe, and that being so, he knew he
couldn't get Absolution, It was a sacrifice to him, a very great
sacrifice, as he Was a believing Catholic. "That shows," he went on,
"that you don't understand how the thing works. You and all
Protestants think that one can stroll into the Confessional, wipe the
slate clean and go on with what you are doing, however bad it is,
with the implied sanction of the Church. But the fact remains that
practising Catholics who are living in a way which the Church
condemned do not go to Confession. Going to Confession entails
facing responsibility instead of evading it." He said that if what I
thought was true, people like O'Neil would go to Confession. I must
face the fact that he did not go to Confession and was extremely
unhappy on that account. He would like to go to the Sacraments but
he had made this great sacrifice with his eyes open. I said that I had
always thought the Church was lax about such matters. He said
individuals might be lax. The Church was not responsible for the
conduct of individuals, but the rule of the Church was absolutely
uncompromising. I said O'Neil might be an extreme case, but
supposing a devout Catholic married woman had a great man friend,
supposing he was very much in love with her, but she was a virtuous

woman, faithful to her husband, she could go on seeing the other
man as much as she liked? Would the Church forbid it? Riley said the
Church would forbid sin. Any priest would tell her that if she thought
it might lead to sin, she must cut it out of her life. I said that was
quite clear, but he was not telling me what I wanted to know. He
said: "What is it that you want to know?" I said I must give it up. I
couldn't put it into words. I said Roman Catholics were always so
matter-of-fact. They handed one opinions and ideas like chocolates
wrapped up in silver paper. He said: "You think that, because you
would sooner walk naked in the streets than think things out, or call
things by their names. You like leaving them vague. 'Le vague,'
Renan said, 'est pire que le faux.'"
I said, going back to the question of responsibility, that I had often
heard Catholics themselves complain of the want of responsibility of
Catholics. Riley said that might very well be; they might lack a sense
of responsibility, just as they might lack a sense of charity or
honesty. "You think," he said, "that the Church is perpetually
arranging comfortable compromises. Nothing is further from the
truth. Nothing is harder on the individual than certain of the
commandments of the Church with regard to marriage: for instance,
divorce, and the bearing of children. Some of the Church's views
were just as hard on the individual as it was hard on a man, who is
going to catch a train to see his dying child, to be delayed by a
policeman holding up the traffic, but in order to make traffic
possible, you had to have a policeman, and the individual couldn't
complain however much he might suffer.
"I know a much harder case than O'Neil's," he said: "a colleague of
mine who is married and has been completely neglected by his wife.
On the other hand, he has been looked after devotedly for years by
another woman, who nursed him when he was ill and saved his life.
He wants to become a Catholic, but he knows quite well that the
Church will not receive him unless he were to give up this woman,
whom he adores, and go back to his wife, who is indifferent to him.
What you don't understand," he said, "is that the Church is not an
air cushion but a rock."

He said I accused the Church of being lax, but many people that he
knew found fault with what they called the hardness of the Church.
But as a matter of fact they had generally to admit that as far as the
human race was concerned the Church in such matters of morals
was always right. He cited instances of what the Church was right in
condemning. I said that one did not need to be Roman Catholic to
know that immorality was bad for the State, and that vice was
noxious to the individual. The ordinary laymen reach the same
conclusions merely by common-sense.
Riley said there were only two points of view in the world: the
Catholic point of view or the non-Catholic point of view. All so-called
religions which I could mention, including my layman's common-
sense view, were either lopped-off branches of Catholicism or
shadows of it, or a blind aspiration towards it, or a misguided
parallel of it, as of a train that had gone off the rails, or a travesty of
it, sometimes serious, and sometimes grotesque: a distortion. The
other point of view was the materialist point of view, which he could
perfectly well understand anyone holding. It depends, he said,
whether you think human life is casual or divine.
I said I could quite well conceive a philosophy which would be
neither materialist nor Catholic. He quoted Dr Johnson about
everyone having a right to his opinion, and martyrdom being the
test. Catholicism, he said, had survived the test; would my
philosophy?
As far as I was concerned I admitted that I held no opinion for which
I was ready to go to the stake, except, possibly, that Jane Eyre was
an interesting book.
Monday, February 21st.
I heard from Mrs Housman this morning. She returns to-morrow.
Saturday, February 26th.
Called on Mrs Housman, and found her in. Housman was there also.
They asked me to dinner next Monday.

Sunday, February 27th. Rosedale.
I am staying with Lady Jarvis. There is no one else. Lady Jarvis said
she was glad Mrs Housman had returned to London.
Letter from Guy Cunninghame to Mrs Caryl
LONDON,
Tuesday, March
1st.
DEAREST ELSIE,
I dined with the Housmans last night. Only myself, Miss Sarah, Lady
Jarvis, and Godfrey Mellor. Everything as it used to be. Carrington-
Smith came in after dinner. He has not been inside the house for
months. I don't know what Mrs Housman did nor how it was done,
but it was done, and done most successfully and quickly! She only
came back a week ago. "Bert" looks quite different and is perfectly
radiant.
George, I gather, hasn't seen her. They asked him to dinner last
night, but he had an official dinner and couldn't come. He asked me
whether I had seen her. He said he had been there several times,
but she had always been out. He is still most depressed and goes
nowhere unless he is absolutely obliged to. The Housmans have
asked me to spend Easter at their villa. Lady Jarvis is going, and
Godfrey; and Housman told me he was going to ask George. I am
going and I shall stop two or three days in Paris on the way.
Lavinia Wray has gone to the south of France with her aunt. The
Shamiers are going to Paris next week. They will tell you all the
news, not that there is much.
Yrs.
G.

From the Diary of Godfrey Mellor
Monday, February 28th.
A. told me he had not been to the country after all on Saturday.
Tuesday, March 1st.
Dined with the Housmans, a very agreeable dinner. Mrs Housman
played and sang after dinner: Brahms' Lieder, and some Grieg.
Wednesday, March 2nd.
A. asked me to luncheon. He told me he had been so sorry not to be
able to go to the Housmans' last night. He said he had not seen
them yet. He was so busy. He asked me how Mrs Housman was and
whether Florence had done her good.
Thursday, March 3rd.
I told Riley I had been reading Renan's Souvenirs d'enfance et de
jeunesse, and that Renan said in this book that there was nothing in
Catholic dogmas which raised in him a contrary opinion; nothing
either in the political action or in the spirit of the Church, either in
the past or in the present, that led him to doubt; but directly he
studied the "Higher Criticism" and German text-books his faith in the
Church crumbled. I asked Riley what he thought of this. He said
people treated German text-books superstitiously then and they still
did so now. If German text-books dealt with Shakespeare people
could see at once that they were talking nonsense, and that
mountains of erudition were being built on a false base, a base
which we knew to be false, because we were English; but when they
dealt with things more remote, like the Gospels, people swallowed
what they said, and accepted any of their theories as infallible
dogma. In twenty years' time, he said, nobody will care two straws
for the "Higher Criticism."
Riley is going away to-morrow.
Friday, March 4th.

Mrs Housman has written to ask me to come and see her on Sunday
afternoon if I am in London.
Dined with Cunninghame at a restaurant and went to the Palace
Music Hall afterwards.
Saturday, March 5th.
A. is much annoyed at having to stay with the Foreign Secretary.
Dined at the Club.
Sunday, March 6th.
Spent the afternoon at Mrs Housman's. There was nobody there
until Housman came in late just when I was going. Housman said
we must all meet at Florence. He said he was going to ask A. "But
we never see him now," he added. He asked me what A. was doing.
I told him he was staying with the Foreign Secretary. He said, of
course he was right to attend to his official and especially to his
social duties. He said he would ask him to dinner next week. He
asked me to dine on Wednesday. Mrs Housman asked me to go to a
concert with her on Tuesday.
Monday, March 7th.
Dined at the Club.
Tuesday, March 8th.
Went to a concert in Chelsea with Mrs Housman, Housman and Miss
Housman. Solway played, and an excellent violinist, Miss Bowden;
Beethoven Sonata (G Major) and Schubert Quartet (D Minor). We all
enjoyed the music and the playing. During the interval we went to
see Solway. Housman asked him to dinner to-morrow.
Wednesday, March 9th.
Dined with the Housmans. Lady Jarvis, Mrs Campion, Solway,
Cunninghame, Mrs Baines, and A. and Miss Housman were there. I
sat between Lady Jarvis and Mrs Campion. After dinner Mrs
Housman asked Solway to try a song with her, a new English song
by a boy who has just left the College of Music. She sang this and

after that she sang all the Winterreise. Housman asked A. and Mrs
Campion to stay with them in Florence. Mrs Campion cannot get
away this Easter. A. accepted the invitation.
Thursday, March 10th.
Went after dinner to Aunt Ruth's. Uncle Arthur is quite restored to
health. He asked me whether I had been appointed to Paris, still
thinking that I was in the F.O. There were a great many people
there. Aunt Ruth spoke severely about A. and said she heard he only
went out in the Bohemian world. I said he had stayed with the
Foreign Secretary last week.
Friday, March 11th.
Dined with Mrs Campion. A. was there and the Albertis, who are
over in England. A. said he was much looking forward to Florence.
Easter is early this year.
Saturday, March 12th.
A. has gone to Littlehampton. He has asked the Housmans and
Cunninghame. I am going to Woking.
Sunday, March 13th.
Spent the day with Solway, who played Bach. Returned by the late
train after dinner.
Letter from Guy Cunninghame to Mrs Caryl
LONDON,
Monday, March
14th.
DEAREST ELSIE,
I have just come back from Littlehampton, where I spent Sunday
with George and his sister. The Housmans were asked and Housman
went, but Mrs Housman was not well. I start on Thursday morning

and shall be in Paris Thursday night and stay there till Monday. Let
us do something amusing. I should like to go to the play one night.
But you have probably seen all the best things hundreds of times. I
am going on co Florence on Monday. I don't think George has seen
much of Mrs Housman. I dined there last Wednesday. Mrs Housman
sang the whole evening so that he did not get any talk with her.
Godfrey has been much more cheerful lately and even suggested
going to a music-hall one night. Mrs Campion is coming to Florence
too.
I'm sorry I've been so bad about writing lately. I seem to have had
no time and yet to have done nothing, and there have been a series
of rather tiresome episodes at the office.
Au revoir till Thursday,
Yours,
G.
From the Diary of Godfrey Mellor
Monday, March 14th
A. came back from the country in a gloomy state of mind. He said it
was a great mistake to go to the country in March and that his party
had been a failure. He said bachelors should not give parties. He
asked me to dine with him, which I did. He says he is leaving on
Wednesday but will stop two nights in Paris. Mrs Campion is
travelling with him.
Tuesday, March 15th.
Mrs Housman rang up on the telephone and told me that a young
vocalist was dining with them to-morrow night. She wanted a few
people to hear her. Would I come? Solway was coming.
Dined with Cunninghame at his Club. He says he has never seen A.
so depressed.

Wednesday, March 16th.
Dined with the Housmans. Miss Housman, Solway and Lady Jarvis
were there. The vocalist, a Miss Byfield, did not arrive till after
dinner. Mrs Housman said Miss Byfield was shy and had refused to
dine at the last moment. After dinner she sang some songs from the
classical composers. She was extremely nervous. Mrs Housman and
Solway say she has promise. Housman said to me confidentially that
he was sure there was no money in her. The Housmans leave to-
morrow. A. left to-day.
Thursday, March 17th.
Cunninghame left to-day. I had dinner with Lady Jarvis. She asked
me to travel with her on Saturday. We are both stopping Sunday
night in Paris.
Friday, March 18th.
Lunched and dined at the Club. Packed up my things. Am taking
some music with me.
Saturday, March 19th. Paris.
Arrived at the Hôtel Saint Romain. Had a pleasant journey with Lady
Jarvis.
Sunday, March 20th.
Lady Jarvis took me to see a French friend of hers, Madame Sainton.
It was her day. There was a large crowd of men and women in the
drawing-room and the dining-room, where there was tea, Madeira
and excellent sandwiches. The French take just as much trouble
about preparing a good tea as they do to write or to dress well. I
was introduced to a famous composer, who talked to me technically
about boxing. I was obliged to confess that I knew nothing of the
art. It was a pity, I thought, Carrington-Smith was not there. I was
also introduced to a French author, who asked me what was the
place of Meredith in modern literature, what les jeunes thought
about him. I was obliged to confess I had never read one line of
Meredith. The French author thought I despised him. He asked me:

"Quest qu'on lit en Angleterre maintenant avant de se coucher?" I
said that I had no idea what les jeunes read but that I personally, for
a bedside book, preferred Jane Eyre.
The French author said "Tiens!" He then asked me what I thought of
Bernard Shaw. I had again to confess that I had never seen his plays
acted. I told him that when I had time to spare I went to concerts.
He said: "Ah! la musique," and I felt he was generalising a whole
movement in young England towards music.
In the evening we went to the Opéra Comique and heard Carmen,
which I greatly enjoyed.
Monday, March 21st. Florence. Villa Fersen.
We arrived at Florence this morning. Cunninghame and A. and Mrs
Campion were in the same train. The Housmans had been there
some days already.
Tuesday, March 22nd.
Cunninghame, Mrs Housman, A. and Mrs Campion went out
together. Lady Jarvis stayed at home. I went later in the morning to
the Pitti. In the afternoon they went to Fiesole. Housman went to
call on some friends. Lady Jarvis and I went for a walk.
Wednesday, March 23rd.
We were invited to luncheon by a Mr Eugene Lowe, a friend of Lady
Jarvis. He has a flat in the town on the Pitti side of the river. The
Housmans and Cunninghame and myself went. A. and his sister had
luncheon with the Albertis. Mr Lowe's flat had the peculiarity that
everything in it had been ingeniously diverted from its original
purpose. The only other guest besides ourselves was an ex-
diplomatist whom I met last year.
Thursday, March 24th.
Lady Jarvis has gone to Venice, where she is staying with friends
until next Monday. While we were sight-seeing this morning we met
a lady called Mrs Fairburn, who claimed to be an old friend of Mrs

Housman. Mrs Housman told me she had met her in America soon
after she married, but that she had never known her well. She asked
us all to luncheon on Saturday. Mrs Housman accepted for herself
and Housman. Cunninghame and I also accepted. A. and his sister
were engaged.
In the afternoon Mrs Housman said she was going to hear a
Dominican preach. Cunninghame and I asked if we might
accompany her. A. said it was no use his going as he did not
understand Italian. He was most eloquent.
Friday (Good Friday), March 25th.
Mrs Housman spent the whole morning in church. I went with
Cunninghame for a long walk.
Saturday, March 26th.
We had luncheon with Mrs Fairburn, who has a villa on the Fiesole
side. She is a widow and always, she says, lives abroad; so much so,
she told us, that she had difficulty in speaking English correctly. She
gave us no evidence that she spoke any other language with great
correctness. She told me she was overjoyed at meeting Mrs
Housman, who was her oldest friend. Housman asked her to dinner
to-morrow night.
Sunday (Easter Sunday), March 27th.
I went for a walk by myself. When I got back I found various people
at the villa and escaped to my room. Mrs Fairburn came to dinner.
When Housman said he had been suffering from a headache she
exclaimed: "Poveretto!" and said she was feeling-rather "Moche"
herself. Looking at Mrs Housman, she said to me: "She is ravissante,
che bellezza! E vero?"
Letter from Guy Cunninghame to Mrs Caryl
VILLA FERSEN,
FLORENCE,

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