women empowerment

"To all the girls who are watching this, never doubt that you are valuable and powerful, and deserving of every chance and opportunity in the world to pursue and achieve your own dreams."

1. PRESENTED BY: Mr.LOKESH D. 2 nd SEM MPH DEPT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE JSS MEDICAL COLLEGE MODERATOR : Dr . AMOGHASREE SENIOR RESIDENT DEPT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE JSS MEDICAL COLLEGE

2. Overview Introduction Components of women empowerment Principles of women empowerment Dimensions of women empowerment Indicators for women empowerment Measurement of women empowerment Need for women empowerment Six ‘S’ for women empowerment Projects for women empowerment Acts for women empowerment Ways to achieve women empowerment Advantages Challenges Conclusion R eferences 23-05-2020 2

3. I ntroduction As a general definition, Empowerment is a multidimensional process that helps people gain control over their own lives. Women Empowerment is the process and the outcome of the process by which women challenge gender based discrimination in every institution and structures of the society. . Women Empowerment itself elaborates that Social Rights, Political Rights, Economic stability, Judicial strength and all other rights should be also equal to women. It means granting women the freedom to make life choices 23-05-2020 3

4. COMPONENTS OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Acquiring knowledge and an understanding of gender/power relations and ways in which these relations may be changed. Developing a sense of self-worth, a belief in one’s ability to secure desired changes and the right to control one’s life. Gaining the ability to generate choices and thereby acquiring leverage and bargaining power and Developing the ability to generate, organize or influence the direction of social change to create more just social and economic orders nationally and internationally. 4 key components of women’s empowerment are: 23-05-2020 4

5. Principles of women empowerment 23-05-2020 5

6. Dimensions of women empowerment Cognitive dimension refers to women having an understanding of the conditions and causes of their subordination at the micro and macro levels. It involves making choices that may go against cultural expectations and norms; Psychological dimension includes the belief that women can act at personal and societal levels to improve their individual realities and the society in which they live; Economic component requires that women have access to, and control over, productive resources, thus ensuring some degree of financial autonomy. Political element entails that women have the capability to analyze, organize and mobilize for social change; and Physical element of gaining control over one’s body and sexuality and the ability to protect oneself against sexual violence to the empowerment process . 23-05-2020 6

7. Indicators of Women Empowerment Quantitative Indicators: demographic trends maternal mortality rate fertility rate sex ratio life expectancy at birth average age of marriage Number of women participating in different development programmes : Greater access and control over community resources/ government schemes— creche , credit Cooperative, non-formal education; Visible change in physical health status and nutritional level; Change in literacy and enrollment levels; and Participation levels of women in political process. 23-05-2020 7

8. Qualitative Indicators: Increase in self-esteem, individual and collective confidence; Increase in articulation, knowledge and awareness on health, nutrition reproductive rights, law and literacy; Increase in personal leisure time and time for child care Increase on decrease of workloads in new programmes Change in roles and responsibility in family and community Visible increase on decrease in violence on women and girls Responses to, changes in social customs like child marriage, dowry, discrimination against widows; Visible changes in women’s participation level attending meetings, participating and demanding participation Increase in bargaining and negotiating power at home, in community and the collective 23-05-2020 8

9. Women Empowerment in India Democratic polity, our laws, development policies, Plans and Programmes have aimed at women’s advancement in different spheres. Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78 shift in the approach to women’s issues from welfare to development. Eighth Five Year Plan- emphasis was shifted from development to empowerment. Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in1993. The Cairo conference in 1994 organized by UN on Population and Development called attention to women’s empowerment as a central focus and UNDP developed the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) The Government of India declared 2001 as the Year of Women’s Empowerment (Swashakti). The National Policy for the Empowerment of Women was passed in 2001. The National Mission for Empowerment of Women (NMEW) was launched by the Government of India (GoI) on International Women’s Day in 2010 with the aim to strengthen overall processes that promote all round development of women. 23-05-2020 9

10. Gender Inequality Index (GII) is an index for measurement of gender disparity that was introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report 20th anniversary edition by the (UNDP ). Gender parity index GPI in higher Education Gender Parity Index (GPI) in higher education is calculated for 18-23 years of age group. The ratio of the female to male in higher education measures progress towards gender equity and the level of learning opportunities available for women in relation to those available to men. It serves also as a significant indicator of the empowerment of women in society. 23-05-2020 10

11. Skewed Sex Ratio : With only 914 females for every 1000 males due to female foeticide . 23-05-2020 11

12. I n India The Global Gender Gap Index introduced by the World Economic Forum in 2006, The Global Gender Gap Index tries to measure the ‘relative gaps between women and men across countries in four key areas—health, education, economics and politics. The rankings are based on four of sub indices that measure economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival and political empowerment. The World Economic Forum has placed India in the 112st position among 153 countries 23-05-2020 12

13. Literacy- The gender gap The one way to improve it is to focus on female literacy rate. Gap between male and female literacy rate appears to be constant . Because of Issues like dowry , female foeticide , child marriage , honor killing, etc .   23-05-2020 13

14. Access to resources/autonomy Only 25% of family income comes from women 1 in 3 women do not have regular access to media (1 in 5 for men) 1 in 3 women are permitted to go alone to market, health center or outside the community 15% of women between 15-49 yrs have access to bank account (Wealthiest 20% population: 33%) Source: National Family Health Survey 3, 2005-06 23-05-2020 14

15. Social Lack of awareness Lack of time Lack of support Class and caste Economic Poverty High cost of health care Lack of control over resources Cultural/attitudinal Myths and misconceptions Stigma attached to the condition Preference for female providers External factors Availability of health care Transportation Attitudes of health providers Gender and access to Healthcare: Barriers to health seeking behavior and access: 23-05-2020 15

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17. SIX ‘S’ FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 6. Samta = Equality 23-05-2020 17

18. PROGRAMMES/SCHEMES FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT India has over 37 schemes for women operated by different department and ministries. The implementation of these programmes/schemes is monitored specifically with reference to coverage of women. Schemes of National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation Integrated Child Development Scheme National Rural Health Mission Anani Suraksha Yojana • Integrated Child Protection Scheme Swadhar—A scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) 23-05-2020 18

19. Antyodaya Anna Yojna (AAY) Ujjawala —A Scheme for Prevention of Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Reintegration Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY)—A Conditional Maternity Benefit Scheme Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG)— Sabla Swayam Siddha Scheme for Working Women Hostel STEP (Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women) Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) 23-05-2020 19

20. Programmes /schemes in Karnataka Mathru Poorna Scheme provides one nutritious meal per day to pregnant and lactating poor women at Anganwadi Centres . The scheme provides them with meals that include rice, dal or sambar , green vegetables, pulses, egg and groundnut- jaggery chikki . Bhagyalakshmi Scheme promotes the birth of girl children in BPL families. Financial assistance is provided to the girl child through her mother/father or natural guardian subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions. Enrollment is allowed upto one year of the birth of child on production of birth certificate. The benefits of the scheme are restricted to 2 girl children of a BPL family. 23-05-2020 20

21. Karnataka Mahila Abhivyudhi Yojane (KMAY) monitors inter- sectoral allocation of funds for women to ensure gender equality and to integrate women in the mainstream of development. The strategy of the scheme is to earmark one third of resources for women in  individual  beneficiary oriented schemes and labor intensive schemes of various departments of Government.   Santhwana centers are 24x7 centers for women in distress. They assist women who are victims of domestic violence, rape, sexual abuse and dowry harassment. They providing legal assistance, temporary shelter, financial relief and training to enable them to be self-reliant and also to achieve social and economic empowerment Under the Sthairya Nidhi scheme, Rs.500 lakhs Corpus fund has been established at the State level in Karnataka to provide financial relief to women who have been victims of atrocities . 23-05-2020 21

22. Special treament units for women and children have been set up to provide facilities of counseling, medical aid, police assistance, legal assistance under one roof to women who are victims of violence. Stree Shakthi Groups are formed at the village level to inculcate the savings habit in the members and empower them economically. About 15 to 20 women members who are from below poverty line families, landless  agricultural laborers, SC/ST women join together. Stree Shakthi Groups are  formed through  Anaganwadi workers and taluk federations. They are provided with financial and other support from the State Government. 23-05-2020 22

23. Acts for women empowerment in India The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 The Commission of Sati Prevention Act and rules 1987 National Commission for Women Act 1990 The sexual harassment of women at workplace Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal Act 2013 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, 1956 Civil Procedure Code, 1973  Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 The Medical Termination Of Pregnancy Act, 1971 The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Bonded Labor System Abolition Act, 1976 The Special Marriage Act, 1954 Indian Divorce Act, 1969 The Indecent Representation of Women Prohibition Act, 1986 Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 23-05-2020 23

24. Ways to Empower Women Changes in women mobility and social interaction. Changes in women labour paterns. Changes in women access to control over resources. Changes in women’s control over decision making. 23-05-2020 24

25. Advantages of women empowerment 23-05-2020 25

26. Challenges Education: While the nation has developed from a far cry since freedom where instruction is concerned. The hole amongst women and men is extreme. While 82.14% of grown-up men are instructed, as it were 65.46% of grown-up women are known not proficient in India. Poverty: Destitution is viewed as the best risk to peace on the planet, and annihilation of neediness ought to be a national objective as critical as the annihilation of lack of education. Wellbeing and Safety: These worries of women are foremost for the prosperity of a nation and is an imperative variable in engaging the women of empowerment in a nation. Proficient Inequality: This imbalance in occupation sand advancements. women face innumerable debilitations in male altered and ruled environments in Government Offices and Private ventures. Profound quality and Inequality: Due to sexual orientation increase in wellbeing there is high ethical quality rate in women diminishing their population encouraged particularly in Asia, Africa and china. Family Inequality: Household relations show sexual orientation increase in imperceptibly little however huge conduct the whole way across the globe, more in India e.g. sharing more of housework, childcare and domestic works by alleged division of work. 23-05-2020 26

27. EMPOWERED WOMEN’S CHARACTERISTICS Empowered women define their attitude, values and behavior in relation to their own real interest . They have autonomy because they claim their freedom from existing male hierarchies, whether they live in traditional societies or modern industrial societies. Empowered women maintain equal mindedness . They act out roles that challenge male dominance. They respond as equals and co-operate to work towards the common good. Empowered women use their talent to live fulfilling lives. They not only survive the harshness of their own subjugation but also transcend their subjugation. Empowered women maintain their strength on the face of pressures from the religion and work and contribute towards the empowerment of all women. Empowered women define their values and formulate their beliefs themselves, they do not derive their sense of being from male authorities nor do they live vicariously through men. 23-05-2020 27

28. Women in India 23-05-2020 28

29. CONCLUSION Women represent half of the world’s population and gender inequality exists in every nation on the planet. Until women are given the same opportunities that men are, entire societies will be destined to perform below their true potentials. The dream of women empowerment shall not be fulfill unless they are empowered to play equal decisive and appropriate role in the family, which is the basic unit of empowerment. 23-05-2020 29

30. References Shashank , Dr & Thakur , Shekhar & Naikoo , Aasif . (2016). Women empowerment and their empowering schemes in India. international journal of advance research in science humanities and engineering. volume 1. 21-27. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/genderequalityandwomensempowerment https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2011/10/women-s-empowerment-principles-equality-means-business#view https://wcd.nic.in/womendevelopment/national-policy-women-empowerment Gender and Women Empowerment Policy 2010-2020. 2020; Name A, Ahmad S, Ismail SOS. Study Of The Challenges And Restrictons Fir The Women Empowerment in India . Mokta M. EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIA : 2005;11. Gender and health- sept 2015. https://www.india.gov.in/official-website-ministry-women-and-child-development http://dwcd.kar.nic.in:8080/stree_shakti.jsp 23-05-2020 30

31. Thank you 23-05-2020 31