Work measurement

work measurement, the uses of work measurement, the techniques of work measurement, time study, time study form, methods of timing, work sampling, allowances, predetermined motion time and systems (P.M.T.S.),

1. Work Measurement By: - Ratnadeepsinh Jadeja

2. Work Measurement Work measurement is the application of technique designed to establish the time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of performance.

3. The uses of work measurement To reveal the existence of ineffective time. To compare the efficiency of alternative methods. To balance the work of members of team in association with multiple activity. To determine the number of machines an operator can run. To set the time standards for carrying out the work. To provide information on which estimates of tenders, selling prices and delivery promises can be based. To provide information on which the planning and scheduling of production. As a basis for realistic and fair incentive scheme. To assist in the organization of labour by enabling a daily comparison to be made between actual times and target times. To provide information for labour cost control and to enable standard costs to be fixed and maintained. As a basis for labour budgeting and budgetary control systems.

4. WORK MEASUREMENT Select, record, examine and measure quantity of work performed using Direct Indirect Time study Work sampling Synthetic time P.M.T.S. Analytical estimating Compile With allowances to get standard Time of operation Compile To get standard time of operations and establish standard data bank

5. The techniques of work measurement The following are the principle techniques by which work measurement is carried out: Stop watch time study. Predetermined motion time systems (P.M.T.S). Activity sampling or work sampling. Analytical estimating. Synthesis from standard data. Basic procedure for work measurement: Select Record. Examine. Measure. Compile. Define.

6. TIME STUDY Time study is a work measurement technique for recording the times and rates of working for the elements of a specified job carried out under specific conditions, and analyzing the data so as to obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job at a defined level of performance. Time study equipment: Stop watch Time study board Time study form Calculator Measuring instruments such as tape measure, steel rule, micrometer, Vernier, spring balance, etc …

7. Time Study Form

8. METHODS OF TIMING The society of advancement of management national committee defined rating is that process during which the time study engineer compares the performance of the operator under observation with the observer’s concept of proper or standard performance. Rating can also defined as “The assessment of the worker’s rate of working to observer’s concept of the rate corresponding to standard rating”.  

9. WORK SAMPLING Work sampling is also called as activity sampling or ratio delay study. It is a work measurement technique in which a large number of instantaneous observations are made at random intervals over a specified period of time of a group of workers, machines and processes. Principle of work sampling: Work sampling relies upon statistical theory of sampling and probability theory. Normal frequency distribution and confidence level are associated very much with work sampling.

10. WORK SAMPLING Date Observer: Study No. Number of Observations : Total % Machine running Machine Idle Repairs Supplies Personal Idle

11. ALLOWANCES It is obvious that any worker will not be able to carry out work throughout the day without interruptions. The worker also needs some time to attend to his personal needs, and hence allowances must be added to the basic time in order to give the work content. Work content = basic time + relaxation allowance + any allowance for additional work. The allowances depend upon: Factors related to individual worker. Factors related to nature of the work itself. Factors related to environment.

12. ALLOWANCES The allowances may be classified as: Relaxation allowances: Personal need allowances. Fatigue allowances. Basic fatigue allowances. Variable fatigue allowances. Contingency allowances Special Allowances Interference allowances Process allowances.

13. PREDETERMINED MOTION TIME AND SYSTEMS (P.M.T.S.) This is defined as “A work measurement technique whereby times established for basic human motions are used to build up the time for a job at a defined level of performance. P.M.T.S. in other words are techniques for synthesizing operation times from the standard time data for basic elementary motion comprising the operation. Some of the commercial P.M.T.S. which give time values for fundamental motions and are now used in industry are: Method Time Measurement (M.T.M.) Work Factor (W.F.) Dimensional Motion Times (D.M.T.) Basic Motion Time (B.M.T.) Motion Time Analysis (M.T.A.)