Workplace Safety Management in Occupational health and Safety Management

Workplace Safety Management in Occupational health and Safety Management

1. Occupational Health & Safety M.Sc. In Construction Management II Semester Lecturer: Er. Suman Bhattarai B.E. In Civil Engineering M.Sc. In Construction Management 1

2. Chapter Ten Workplace Safety Management 2

3. Contents: Establishing Workplace Safety Policies and Procedures Conducting Safety Inspections and Audits Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Safe Work Procedures Hazard Communication and Safety Training Safety Committee Formation and Functions Incident and Near Miss Reporting Systems Evaluating Safety Performance and Metrics Implementing Safety Incentive Programs 3

4. Establishing Workplace Safety Policies and Procedures A policy is a set of general guidelines that outline the organization’s plan for tackling an issue. Policies communicate the connection between the organization’s vision and values and its day-to-day operations. A procedure explains a specific action plan for carrying out a policy. Procedures tells employees how to deal with a situation and when. Using policies and procedures together gives employees a well-rounded view of their workplace. 4

5. A workplace policy should: Set out the aim of the policy. Explain why the policy was developed. List who the policy applies to. Set out what is acceptable or unacceptable behavior. Set out the consequences of not complying with the policy. Provide a date when the policy was developed or updated. 5

6. Company policies and procedures should not be written once and left alone for decades. Reviewing these documents regularly and updating them when you: Adopt new equipment, software, etc. See an increase in accidents or failures on-site. Experience increased customer complaints. Have a feeling of general confusion or increased staff questions regarding day-to-day operations. See inconsistency in employee job performance. Feel increased stress levels across the office. 6

7. Conducting Safety Inspections and Audits: Conducting safety inspections and audits is essential for maintaining a safe and compliant environment, whether it’s in a workplace, facility, or any other setting. Gather a Team: Assemble a team of qualified personnel, including safety officers, engineers, or other relevant experts. Inspect the Area: Physically walk through the facility or site. Observe practices, conditions, and potential hazards. Use the checklist as a guide. Interview Employees: Talk to employees to gain insights into their awareness of safety procedures and any concerns they might have. Document Findings: Take detailed notes, photographs, or videos of any issues or areas of concern. Documentation should be thorough to support follow-up actions. 7

8. Review and Analysis: Post-audit, a thorough review and analysis of the findings should be conducted. This includes examining root causes of non-compliance or potential hazards and understanding the broader implications for worker safety. Action plan development: Based on the review and analysis, an action plan should be developed to address the audit findings. This could involve rectifying non-compliances, mitigating identified risks, and implementing suggestions for improvement. Follow-up and continuous improvement: The audit process does not end with the implementation of the action plan. Regular follow-up is needed to ensure that the actions taken are effective in improving safety. 8

9. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Safe Work Procedures: Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a systematic procedure that breaks each job/task into key training sequences, identifies safety elements of each job/task step and coaches the employee on how to avoid potential safety hazards. Another commonly used term for this process is called a Job Hazard Analysis or JHA. The basic steps in conducting a job safety analysis are: Select the job to be analyzed. Break the job down into a sequence of steps. Identify potential hazards. Determine preventive measures to control these hazards. Communicate the results. 9

10. Key benefits of implementing Job Safety Analysis (JSA): Helps identify undetected hazards. Increases job knowledge of the participants. Improves safety and health awareness. Enhances communication between supervisors and workers. Promotes better acceptance of revised safe work procedures. Helps complete comprehensive incident investigations. Can be used as a standard for all safety and health inspections or observations. 10

11. To create a safe work procedure for a particular task: Identify the potential hazards associated with the task. This can be done by: Observing someone performing the task. Reviewing previous incident data. Discussing the task with the people who perform it. Reviewing manufacturers’ instructions. Researching potential safety issues. Perform a risk assessment, determining the severity of injury and likelihood of occurrence of each of the potential hazards you have identified. 11

12. Perform a task analysis, determining the steps and controls necessary to mitigate the task to an acceptable level. Write the procedure, including all steps and controls necessary to perform the task while avoiding the identified hazards. Review the procedure with the people who will be performing the task, their managers, and the people responsible for health and safety in the organization. 12

13. Hazard Communication and Safety Training: Regulations and Standards Governing Hazard Communication: OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS): The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established the Hazard Communication Standard, which requires employers to provide information about hazardous chemicals to employees. Globally Harmonized System (GHS): The GHS is an international guideline for hazard communication that aims to standardize the classification and labelling of chemicals. ANSI Standards: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has developed standards that provide guidance on various aspects of hazard communication. 13

14. Implementing an Effective Training Program: Creating an effective training program for hazard communication involves several key steps: Assessing Training Needs: Understanding the specific needs of your workplace is essential. Conduct a thorough assessment of the potential hazards in your workplace and tailor your training program accordingly. Developing Training Materials: Create engaging training materials that cater to different learning styles. Delivering training: Choose an appropriate method for delivering training, whether through in-person sessions, online courses, or a combination of both. Evaluating Training Effectiveness: After completing the training, evaluate its effectiveness through assessments, feedback, and observation. 14

15. Safety Committee Formation and Functions: A safety committee is an organization group that operates within a workplace and is composed of members from its various departments, including management, frontline workers, and office staff. The main purpose of a safety committee is to mitigate the risk of workplace injuries and illnesses. Its duties also include informing and educating employees about safety issues, setting achievable safety goals for the organization, and fostering a safety culture among the workforce. 15

16. The Functions and Duties of a Safety Committee: Developing written safety programs. Promoting safe work practices. Facilitating safety training. Performing workplace inspections. Carrying out accident investigations. Acting as a point of contact between employees and management. Reviewing injury and illness records. Increasing awareness about workplace safety issues. Identifying hazards and recommending appropriate control measures. 16

17. The safety committee must have: One president appointed by management. One vice president appointed by the collective bargaining agent (CBA) (or by workers representatives on the safety committee in case there is no CBA). In general, the president and vice president: Prepare the agenda for the meeting. Make sure members are able to attend. Preside over and conduct the meeting. Review and approve the minutes. 17

18. Secretary of the committee: The secretary is in charge of : Distributing the agenda and notifying members at least five days in advance. Arranging the meeting room. Report regularly to top management. Recording minutes of the meeting. Distributing and posting the minutes of the meeting. Maintaining committee documentation. Tasks of other members of the committee: Be in regular contact with workers and report to the committee meeting concerns received from them. Suggest items to include on the committee meeting agenda. 18

19. Incident and Near Miss Reporting Systems: Near miss incident reporting is a proactive safety management practice. It involves identifying, documenting, and analyzing incidents that could have resulted in injury, damage, or loss but were narrowly avoided. The concept of near miss incident reporting revolves around the principle that every near miss represents an opportunity for improvement. 19

20. Key components of Near Miss Incident Reporting: Identify. Report Investigate Intervene, review 20

21. Near Miss Reporting Procedures: Report the near miss incident, no matter how small or who it happens to. Make sure the scene of the incident is secured as fast as possible. Communicate the incident to supervisors and the safety department. Fill out a near mission report with the exact details of the incident. Follow up and actively participate in investigative procedures. Ensure that fellow employees are aware of the hazard. 21

22. Evaluating Safety Performance and Metrics: Safety performance is about making sure that workplaces are safe. It helps employers understand what risks could hurt their employees and how to ensure those risks don’t happen. Two main types of Safety Performance Measures: Results Measures: Lost time injury frequency rate. Total recordable incident rate. Severity rate. Fatality rate. 22

23. Activity Measures: Safety Training Completion Rate. Safety Inspections and Audits. Near Miss Reporting. Employee Engagement. Reasons for measuring safety performance: Navigational Tool. Early Warning Sign. Strategy and Policy Implementation. Trend Monitoring. Improvement Prioritization. Project Evaluation. Benchmarking. 23

24. Key Safety Metrics to Improve Performance: Incidents and Near-Misses. Inspections. Observations. Training. Safety suggestions and Hazards. 24

25. There are two major categories of safety metrics: Leading Indicators and Lagging Indicators. Leading indicators are proactive, preventive measures that provide insight into potential hazards before an incident occurs. Meanwhile, lagging indicators are reactive, looking backward at previous events and recordable incidents. Leading indicators include measures such as near-miss reporting, safety training completion, safety inspections and audits. Tracking these types of metrics allows businesses to identify higher-risk areas and take corrective action to control hazards and reduce future incidents. On the other hand, lagging indicators include metrics such as injuries, lost time incidents, restricted work cases, and workers’ compensation claims. Reviewing records of past incidents and injury trends does provide valuable data to improve safety programs. 25

26. Implementing Safety Incentive Programs: Safety incentive programs are structured initiatives implemented by organizations to encourage and reward employees for maintaining safe work practices and adhering to safety protocols. These programs often offer incentives such as bonuses, recognition, or prizes to individuals or teams that demonstrate exemplary commitment to workplace safety. By promoting a culture of safety awareness and accountability, a safety incentive program aims to reduce accidents, injuries, and near misses, ultimately fostering a safer and healthier work environment for all employees. 26

27. A well designed and managed safety incentive program offers many benefits, such as: Encourages employee involvement in the safety program. Gives employees a sense of ownership in the safety program. Strengthens good work habits. Financial savings. Motivates behavior changes/ encourages proactive behavior. Improves employee attendance/turnover. Improves morale and employees have a sense of recognition and value. 27

28. Safety incentive programs examples: Recognition awards Safety achievement bonuses Safety scorecards Safety contests Safety gear reimbursement Peer-to-peer recognition Safety training incentives Safety suggestion programs Departmental safety competitions. Safety culture surveys. 28

29. THANK YOU 29