World Geography Vocabulary Illustrated

Illustrated vocabulary words for January Final Exam

1. European
vocabulary
Define these terms in
your own words

2. The Romans built this water-carrying structure The Romans built this water-carrying structure
ca. 19 BCE. ca. 19 BCE.
aqueductaqueduct

3. alliances
At the At the
outbreak of outbreak of
World War I, World War I,
the warring the warring
powers had powers had
allied allied
themselves themselves
as either the as either the
Central Central
Powers or Powers or
Allied Allied
Nations.Nations.

4. arablearable - land suitable for agriculture

5. The Archipelago Sea, between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf
of Finland, is the largest archipelago in the world by number of
islands; estimates vary between 20,000 and 50,000.

6. aridarid
The climate of a local The climate of a local
or region is said to be or region is said to be
arid when it is arid when it is
characterized by a characterized by a
severe lack of available severe lack of available
water, to the extent of water, to the extent of
hindering or even hindering or even
preventing the growth preventing the growth
and development of and development of
plant and animal life.plant and animal life.

7. A prejudice in a general or specific sense,
usually in the sense for having a preference to
one particular point of view or ideological
perspective.

8. Bubonic

Bubonic
PlaguePlague
It's possible that trade spread It's possible that trade spread
the disease to black rats, the disease to black rats,
which then carried the bacteria which then carried the bacteria
to other sites of plague to other sites of plague
epidemics. Scientists suspect epidemics. Scientists suspect
that black rats, endemic to that black rats, endemic to
India, arrived in Egypt with sea India, arrived in Egypt with sea
trade. In Egypt the rats picked trade. In Egypt the rats picked
up plague-carrying fleas and up plague-carrying fleas and
were later born on ships that were later born on ships that
sailed across the sailed across the
Mediterranean to southern Mediterranean to southern
Europe. Europe.
(above) The acral gangrene
caused by the disease gave it
its macabre name.
(below) Inguinal bubo on the
upper thigh of a person with
bubonic plague

9. Unfortunately, the Silk Roads Unfortunately, the Silk Roads
also allowed diseases to also allowed diseases to
spread. The bubonic plague spread. The bubonic plague
traveled from Yunnan and traveled from Yunnan and
Burma eastward to China and Burma eastward to China and
westward to Europe along the westward to Europe along the
roads of the Mongol empire.roads of the Mongol empire.

10. Private ownership of the means of production Private ownership of the means of production
is an essential characteristic of is an essential characteristic of capitalismcapitalism

11. The Chariot of Zeus (1879 illustration from
Stories from the Greek Tragedians by Alfred Church)
A two-wheeled, horse-drawn military weapon.
Chariot

12. city-state: city-state: region controlled exclusively by a city, region controlled exclusively by a city,
and usually having sovereignty. City-statesand usually having sovereignty. City-states (like Monaco,
pictured)
often often
have a have a
distinctive distinctive
cultural cultural
identity.identity.

13. No less than other European powers, No less than other European powers,
Belgium proclaimed its colonial Belgium proclaimed its colonial
mission to be that of spreading mission to be that of spreading
civilization. But while Britain and civilization. But while Britain and
France, say, had global empires, France, say, had global empires,
Belgium's attention was focused Belgium's attention was focused
overwhelmingly on the vast, resource-overwhelmingly on the vast, resource-
rich Central African territory of Congo, rich Central African territory of Congo,
76 times larger than Belgium itself. 76 times larger than Belgium itself.
The deal was implicit: in exchange for The deal was implicit: in exchange for
extracting immense wealth from its extracting immense wealth from its
colony, Belgium offered schools, colony, Belgium offered schools,
roads, Christianity and civilization.roads, Christianity and civilization.
colonizationcolonization

14. A system of social organization in which property is A system of social organization in which property is
held in common. In modern usage, the term held in common. In modern usage, the term
CommunismCommunism (written with a capital (written with a capital CC) is applied to the ) is applied to the
movement that aims to overthrow the capitalist order movement that aims to overthrow the capitalist order
by revolutionary means and to establish a classless by revolutionary means and to establish a classless
society in which all goods will be socially owned.society in which all goods will be socially owned.
The Communist The Communist
Manifesto byManifesto by
Karl Marx Karl Marx (right)
launched many launched many
revolts against revolts against
the excesses the excesses
of capitalismof capitalism

15. concreteconcrete
A construction material A construction material
that solidifies and that solidifies and
hardens after mixing hardens after mixing
and placement creating and placement creating
a stone-like material.a stone-like material.
It was used extensively It was used extensively
by the ancient Romans by the ancient Romans
in formation of the in formation of the
Pantheon’s dome.Pantheon’s dome.

16. currency
moneymoney

17. Most of Europe Most of Europe
was once was once
covered by a covered by a
hardwood hardwood
forest. forest.
Overgrazing, Overgrazing,
bad soil bad soil
management, management,
inappropriate land-use, droughts, fires, and political inappropriate land-use, droughts, fires, and political
turmoil, caused considerable deforestation, however, turmoil, caused considerable deforestation, however,
most of the forests of Europe and were reduced to most of the forests of Europe and were reduced to
charcoal to supply heat for manufacturing processescharcoal to supply heat for manufacturing processes.
DeforestationDeforestation

18. demographicsdemographics
Shorthand term for Shorthand term for population population
characteristics.characteristics. Demographics include Demographics include
race, age, income, mobility race, age, income, mobility (in terms of
travel time to work or number of vehicles
available), educational attainment, home educational attainment, home
ownership, employment status, and ownership, employment status, and
even location. Demographics are even location. Demographics are
primarily used in economic and primarily used in economic and
marketing research.marketing research.

19. dikdik
ee
a long wall built to keep out the a long wall built to keep out the
sea or enclose land or generally to sea or enclose land or generally to
enclose or separate land enclose or separate land

20. empireempire

21. Official legal tender of Official legal tender of
twelve of the EU twelve of the EU
countries, replacing countries, replacing
their national their national
currencies. Already currencies. Already
established as an established as an
accounting currency accounting currency
on January 1, 1999, on January 1, 1999,
the euro represents the euro represents
the consolidation of the consolidation of
European economic European economic
integration.integration.
euro

22. This general set of reciprocal legal and military This general set of reciprocal legal and military
obligations among the warrior nobility of Europe during obligations among the warrior nobility of Europe during
the the Middle AgesMiddle Ages revolved around the three key revolved around the three key
concepts of lords, concepts of lords, vassalsvassals, and , and fiefsfiefs..
Roland Roland
pledges his pledges his
fealty to fealty to
Charlemagne; Charlemagne;
from a from a
manuscript manuscript
of a of a chanson de gestechanson de geste..

23. fjordfjord -- AA long, narrow arm of the sea, usually formed long, narrow arm of the sea, usually formed
by entrance of the sea into a deep glacial trough.by entrance of the sea into a deep glacial trough.

24. forum
The central area around which
ancient Rome developed, in
which commerce and the
administration of justice took
place.

25. glaciersglaciers
As the snow As the snow
collects over collects over
many years, many years,
an ice field an ice field
forms. Ice forms. Ice
flows down flows down
the valleys the valleys
and slopes and slopes
of the of the
mountains mountains
to the lower to the lower
elevations, elevations,
and glaciers and glaciers
are born.are born.

26. gridgrid
The grid plan or The grid plan or
gridiron plan is gridiron plan is
a type of city a type of city
plan in which plan in which
streets run at streets run at
right angles to right angles to
each other, each other,
forming a grid.forming a grid.
A map grid map A map grid map
be formed using be formed using
latitude and latitude and
longitude lines longitude lines
to find an to find an
absolute absolute
position.position.

27. A policy of extending A policy of extending
control or authority over control or authority over
foreign entities as a foreign entities as a
means of acquisition means of acquisition
and/or maintenance of and/or maintenance of
empires. This is either empires. This is either
through direct territorial through direct territorial
conquest or settlement, or conquest or settlement, or
through indirect methods through indirect methods
of exerting control on the of exerting control on the
politics and/or economy of politics and/or economy of
other countries.other countries.
imperialismimperialism

28. indigenousindigenous
Cultural Cultural groupsgroups who have an who have an
historical continuity or association historical continuity or association
with a given region and who with a given region and who
formerly or currently inhabit the formerly or currently inhabit the
region either:region either:
•before its subsequent colonization before its subsequent colonization
or annexation; or or annexation; or
•alongside other cultural groups alongside other cultural groups
during the formation of a nation-during the formation of a nation-
state; or state; or
•independently or largely isolated independently or largely isolated
from the influence of the claimed from the influence of the claimed
governance by a nation-state.governance by a nation-state.
Indigenous peoples of Indigenous peoples of
Guatemala bring their Guatemala bring their
food to a local market.food to a local market.

29. industrializationindustrialization
Britain changed more Britain changed more
during the Industrial during the Industrial
Revolution than at any Revolution than at any
other time. People other time. People
moved from the moved from the
countryside to the new countryside to the new
towns and cities. The towns and cities. The
way people worked way people worked
changed, as did they changed, as did they
way they lived - not way they lived - not
always for the better.always for the better.

30. In the urban context
denotes two general
groups of support
systems: transportation
modalities (roads, rail,
etc.) and utilities. These
typically compose both
public and private
systems, and some
ambiguously held in
common.
infrastructure

31. -
Amendment V
-
Amendment V

“Nopersonshallbeheldto

“Nopersonshallbeheldto
,
answerforacapital orotherwiseinfamous
,
answerforacapital orotherwiseinfamous
,
crime unlesson presentmentorindictmentof
,
crime unlesson presentmentorindictmentof
,
agrandjury
,
agrandjury

A A grand jurygrand jury decides on whether there is decides on whether there is
sufficient evidence to bring a case to trial.sufficient evidence to bring a case to trial.

32. keystonekeystone

33. lagoon
A body of comparatively A body of comparatively
shallow salt water shallow salt water
separated from the separated from the
deeper sea by a shallow deeper sea by a shallow
or exposed sandbank, or exposed sandbank,
coral reef, or similar coral reef, or similar
feature. Thus, the feature. Thus, the
enclosed body of water enclosed body of water
behind barrier islands or behind barrier islands or
enclosed by an atoll enclosed by an atoll
reef is called a reef is called a lagoonlagoon..

34. MistralMistral
A cold, northerlyA cold, northerly
katabatickatabatic wind wind flowing flowing
into the Gulf of Lion into the Gulf of Lion
from the southern from the southern
coast of France, coast of France,
mistrals are most mistrals are most
common during winter common during winter
and spring, although and spring, although
gale-force events can gale-force events can
occur year-round. occur year-round.

35. SiroccoSirocco
This satellite image shows This satellite image shows
a dust storm over the a dust storm over the
Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea. The
north African winds, north African winds,
known as Sirocco, blow known as Sirocco, blow
dust north-west out over dust north-west out over
the Mediterranean Sea the Mediterranean Sea
from the Libyan desert to from the Libyan desert to
the Italian mainland the Italian mainland
crossing the island of crossing the island of
Sicily and part of Sardinia Sicily and part of Sardinia
island to the west. island to the west.

36. nationalismnationalism
ThThis is ideologyideology
holds that holds that
nationsnations are the are the
fundamental fundamental
units for human units for human
social life and social life and
that "each that "each
nation is entitled nation is entitled
to its own state."to its own state."

37. parliamentparliament
The British Parliament in The British Parliament in
London, U.K.London, U.K.
A legislature, especially in A legislature, especially in
those countries whose those countries whose
system of government is system of government is
based on the Westminster based on the Westminster
system modelled after that system modelled after that
of the United Kingdom.of the United Kingdom.
World’s largest parliament World’s largest parliament
building in Budapest, Hungary.building in Budapest, Hungary.
Established in 930 CE, Iceland’s Established in 930 CE, Iceland’s
Althing, is the oldest parliamentary Althing, is the oldest parliamentary
institution in the world.institution in the world.

38. A common source of fuel over the A common source of fuel over the
centuries, the decayed plant matter is centuries, the decayed plant matter is
dried into briquettes.dried into briquettes.
peatpeat

39. peninsula
Europe is Europe is
composed of the composed of the
westward-westward-
projecting projecting
peninsulas of peninsulas of
Eurasia and Eurasia and
occupying nearly occupying nearly
one-fifteenth of one-fifteenth of
the world's total the world's total
land area.land area.

40. plateau - an elevated area of flat land

41. Polder
Polder:Polder: An area of low-lying land, An area of low-lying land,
especially in the Netherlands, that has been especially in the Netherlands, that has been
reclaimed from a body of water and is protected reclaimed from a body of water and is protected
by dikes.by dikes.

42. This biome is This biome is
characterized by its characterized by its
coniferous forests. In coniferous forests. In
Europe, taiga is Europe, taiga is
confined to Norway, confined to Norway,
Sweden, Finland Sweden, Finland
and northern Russia and northern Russia
with a small amount with a small amount
in Scotland. 86% of in Scotland. 86% of
Finland’s land Finland’s land
surface is covered surface is covered
by taiga. by taiga.
taiga taiga
(boreal forest)(boreal forest)

43. tundra – hardy vegetation including moss and
lichens blanket the permafrost of the tundra.

44. westerlies prevailing winds blowing from the westprevailing winds blowing from the west

45. Though Though
mostly non-mostly non-
functioning, functioning,
the antique the antique
Dutch Dutch
windmills windmills
are a are a
popular popular
tourist tourist
attraction.attraction.
WindmillsWindmills

46. Ecologists are up in arms saying the massive Ecologists are up in arms saying the massive
structures are fatal for the migrating birds.structures are fatal for the migrating birds.
Are windmills bad for the environment?Are windmills bad for the environment?

47. commandeconomy

commandeconomy
Any economic system that is centrally-planned by a
government is commonly referred to as economic
statism. To stress the centralized character of planned
economies and to contrast the term with decentralized
planning in a market economy, a more specific term,
centrally planned economy, is also used.
Many Eastern European countries Many Eastern European countries
are transitioning from command are transitioning from command
economies to market economies economies to market economies
with varying results.with varying results.

48. Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy
A form of government
established under a
constitutional system
which acknowledges an
elected or hereditary
monarch as head of state,
as opposed to an
absolute monarchy,
where the monarch is not
bound by a constitution
and is the sole source of
political power.
King Albert II of Belgium

49. In aIn a communist communist
country, the country, the
government owns government owns
businesses and businesses and
farms. It provides farms. It provides
its people's its people's
healthcare, healthcare,
education and education and
welfare.welfare.
communismcommunism

50. DemocraDemocra
cycy
The ancient Greeks and Romans both
practiced a form of democracy providing
the model for America’s Founding Fathers.
Direct participation Direct participation
was the key to was the key to
Athenian democracy. Athenian democracy.
In the Assembly, In the Assembly,
every male citizen every male citizen
was not only entitled was not only entitled
to attend as often as to attend as often as
he pleased but also he pleased but also
had the right to had the right to
debate, offer debate, offer
amendments, and amendments, and
vote on proposals. vote on proposals.

51. EUEU
The European Union is a The European Union is a
unique, treaty-based, unique, treaty-based,
institutional framework institutional framework
that defines and that defines and
manages economic manages economic
and political and political
cooperation among its cooperation among its
fifteen European member fifteen European member
countries.countries.

52. The industrial revolution The industrial revolution
did not affect all parts of did not affect all parts of
the world uniformly. the world uniformly.
Based on Based on per capita per capita
income dataincome data estimated estimated
is one way of illustrating is one way of illustrating
the origins and the the origins and the
diffusion of the industrial diffusion of the industrial
revolution. revolution.
The huge increases in the post-WWII The huge increases in the post-WWII
period were even more dramatic in period were even more dramatic in
Japan and Europe as the United Japan and Europe as the United
States’ Marshall Plan helped rebuild States’ Marshall Plan helped rebuild
these war-torn economiesthese war-torn economies.
GDPGDP

53. IndustrialIndustrial
RevolutionRevolution
Britain changed more Britain changed more
during this era than at during this era than at
any other time. People any other time. People
moved from the moved from the
countryside to the new countryside to the new
towns and cities. Britain towns and cities. Britain
became the world's became the world's
biggest superpower with biggest superpower with
the huge increase in the huge increase in
industrial production, industrial production,
and imperial expansion.and imperial expansion.

54. Modern economyModern economy
Modern traders generally Modern traders generally
negotiate through the use of negotiate through the use of
a medium of exchange, i.e. a medium of exchange, i.e.
money, and rarely through money, and rarely through
barter: as a result one can barter: as a result one can
separate buying and earning separate buying and earning
from selling. The invention of from selling. The invention of
money (and subsequently of money (and subsequently of
credit, paper money and non-credit, paper money and non-
physical money) greatly physical money) greatly
simplified and promoted the simplified and promoted the
development of trade.development of trade.

55. CultureCulture
What people believe, eat, wear, and speakWhat people believe, eat, wear, and speak

56. acropolis:acropolis:
These remnants of classical Athens These remnants of classical Athens
perch 200 feet above Athens, Greeceperch 200 feet above Athens, Greece

57. capitalism - capitalism - Private ownership of the means of Private ownership of the means of
production is an essential characteristic of capitalismproduction is an essential characteristic of capitalism

58. One of the many reasons for the collapse of the Soviet
Union was the overall failure of the command command
economyeconomy. Unlike the market economymarket economy
where prices of goods and services are set by the
forces or supply and demand based on the purchasing
decisions of consumers, prices in a command
economy are
set centrally
and resources
are allocated
based on
government
priorities.

59. Urging the knights and noblemen to Urging the knights and noblemen to
win back the Holy Land, Pope win back the Holy Land, Pope
Urban II delivered an impassioned Urban II delivered an impassioned
speech in 1095 at Clermont, France speech in 1095 at Clermont, France
that launched 200 years of warring that launched 200 years of warring
in the Holy Lands. The Pope in the Holy Lands. The Pope
exhorted those present exhorted those present to face to face
their sins, and called upon to their sins, and called upon to
save their souls save their souls
and become and become
"Soldiers of Christ.“"Soldiers of Christ.“
CrusadesCrusades

60. ethnic ethnic
cleansingcleansing
During the 1990s During the 1990s
it was used it was used
extensively by extensively by
the media in the the media in the
former former
Yugoslavia in Yugoslavia in
relation to the relation to the
Yugoslav wars. Yugoslav wars.
This massacre This massacre
occurred near occurred near
Kosovo.Kosovo.

62. imperialismimperialism is a
policy of extending control
or authority over foreign
entities as a means of
acquisition and/or
maintenance of empires.
This is either through
direct territorial conquest
or settlement, or through
indirect methods of
exerting control on the
politics and/or economy of
other countries

63. nationalismnationalism
ThThis is ideologyideology
holds that holds that
nationsnations are the are the
fundamental fundamental
units for human units for human
social life and social life and
that "each nation that "each nation
is entitled to its is entitled to its
own state."own state."

64. Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis
It occurred in 1832 when It occurred in 1832 when
South Carolina felt that South Carolina felt that
they would not have to they would not have to
enforce laws created by enforce laws created by
Congress if they felt it was Congress if they felt it was
unconstitutional. unconstitutional.
South Carolina felt that the South Carolina felt that the
Tariff of 1828 was Tariff of 1828 was
unconstitutional. They unconstitutional. They
threatened to secede or threatened to secede or
leave the Union if it wasn't leave the Union if it wasn't
changed.changed.
President Andrew President Andrew
JacksonJackson

65. RenaissanceRenaissance
In the 12th century a In the 12th century a
rediscovery of Greek rediscovery of Greek
and Roman literature and Roman literature
occurred across Europe occurred across Europe
that eventually led to that eventually led to
the development of the the development of the
humanist movement in humanist movement in
the 14th century.the 14th century.
“The Rebirth”

66. Julius CaesarJulius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Gaius Julius Caesar was a
Roman general and Roman general and
statesman who conquered statesman who conquered
Gaul (modern France and Gaul (modern France and
Belgium - 58-50 BC). Belgium - 58-50 BC).

67. Leonardo da Leonardo da
VinciVinci
From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo
produced studies on nature, flying produced studies on nature, flying
machines, geometry, mechanics, machines, geometry, mechanics,
municipal construction, canals and architecture. His municipal construction, canals and architecture. His
studies from this period contain designs for advanced studies from this period contain designs for advanced
weapons, including a tank and weapons, including a tank and
other war vehicles, various other war vehicles, various
combat devices, and submarines.combat devices, and submarines.

68. Martin Luther Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) (1483 – 1546)
A German A German
theologian and an theologian and an
Augustinian monk Augustinian monk
whose teachings whose teachings
inspired the inspired the
Protestant Protestant
Reformation and Reformation and
deeply influenced deeply influenced
the doctrines of the doctrines of
Lutheran, Lutheran,
Protestant and Protestant and
other Christian other Christian
traditions. traditions.

69. Marco PoloMarco Polo
China and Europe were China and Europe were
strangers in AD1265. strangers in AD1265.
The Himalaya Mountains The Himalaya Mountains
and the Gobi Desert and the Gobi Desert
were natural boundaries were natural boundaries
that were difficult to that were difficult to
cross. He was one of the cross. He was one of the
first Westerners to travel first Westerners to travel
the Silk Road to China the Silk Road to China
and visit the Great Khan and visit the Great Khan
of the Mongol Empire, of the Mongol Empire,
Kublai KhanKublai Khan

70. Napoléon Napoléon
BonaparteBonaparte,, in in
over the course of over the course of
little more than a little more than a
decade, acquired decade, acquired
control of most or control of most or
all of the western all of the western
and central and central
mainland of mainland of
EuropeEurope by by
conquest or conquest or
alliance until his alliance until his
defeat at the defeat at the
Battle of the NationsBattle of the Nations
near near LeipzigLeipzig in in
October October 18131813. .

71. Renaissance Renaissance
“The Rebirth”“The Rebirth”
In the 12th century a In the 12th century a
rediscovery of Greek and rediscovery of Greek and
Roman literature occurred Roman literature occurred
across Europe that across Europe that
eventually led to the eventually led to the
development of the development of the
humanist movement in the humanist movement in the
14th 14th
century. century.

72. The bold and The bold and
warlike Vikings warlike Vikings
dominated the dominated the
maritime regions of maritime regions of
Northern Europe and Northern Europe and
sailed out of sailed out of
Scandinavian ports Scandinavian ports
on voyages of on voyages of
exploration and exploration and
colonization.colonization.
The The
VikingsVikings

73. VikingsVikings
In the year 793 Viking In the year 793 Viking
pirate raiders sailed pirate raiders sailed
across the North Sea across the North Sea
to a Christian to a Christian
monastery at monastery at
Lindisfarne in north-Lindisfarne in north-
east England. They east England. They
stole its treasures, stole its treasures,
murdered the monks murdered the monks
and terrified everyone. and terrified everyone.
This was followed by This was followed by
other violent 'Viking other violent 'Viking
raids' all over Britain.raids' all over Britain.
(pg. 302)(pg. 302)

74. CitiesCities
Athens, GreeceAthens, Greece
London, EnglandLondon, England
Paris, FranceParis, France
Rome, ItalyRome, Italy
Turkey, IstanbulTurkey, Istanbul

75. Acropolis: Acropolis:
These remnants of classical Athens These remnants of classical Athens
perch 200 feet above Athens, Greeceperch 200 feet above Athens, Greece

76. Athens, Athens, Greece Greece “cradle of democracy”“cradle of democracy”
The ParthenonThe Parthenon

77. London,London,
EnglandEngland
British House of Parliament
Big Ben Big Ben
clock towerclock tower
Queen Queen
ElizabeElizabe
th IIth II

78. Paris, France
The Eiffel {y'-ful} Tower, an The Eiffel {y'-ful} Tower, an
immense structure of immense structure of
exposed latticework exposed latticework
supports made of iron, was supports made of iron, was
erected for the erected for the ParisParis
Exposition of 1889. Exposition of 1889.

79. RomeRome grew along the banks of the grew along the banks of the TiberTiber River into a River into a
major city under the rule of the Etruscans in the centuries major city under the rule of the Etruscans in the centuries
before Christ.before Christ.

80. StockholmStockholm
Capital of Sweden.Capital of Sweden.

81. VaticanCity

VaticanCity
The State of the The State of the
Vatican City is a Vatican City is a
landlocked landlocked
enclaveenclave
surrounded by surrounded by
the city of Rome the city of Rome
in Italy, and the in Italy, and the
smallest smallest
independent independent
state in the state in the
world. world.
Nearly a billion Catholics Nearly a billion Catholics
worldwide mourned the worldwide mourned the
death of Pope John Paul death of Pope John Paul
II in 2005.II in 2005.

82. Industrial pollution in
the Venice lagoon, 1998
The Venice Lagoon has a surface The Venice Lagoon has a surface
area of 55,000 has and was area of 55,000 has and was
formed nearly 6,000 years ago.formed nearly 6,000 years ago.
Venice Venice
LagoonLagoon

83. Raised walkways have been
installed in places where the
flooding is worst. These
people are queueing to enter
the Basilica di San Marco
A combination of man’s A combination of man’s
activities and natural changes activities and natural changes
threaten the very existence of threaten the very existence of
this historical Italian city.this historical Italian city.
Sinking VeniceSinking Venice

84. PeninsulasPeninsulas

85. The Balkan The Balkan
PeninsulaPeninsula
The Balkans is The Balkans is
the historic and the historic and
geographic geographic
name used to name used to
describe describe
southeastern southeastern
Europe. Europe.

86. Iberian PeninsulaIberian Peninsula
The The Meseta, Meseta, a a
great uplifted great uplifted
fault block ringed fault block ringed
and crossed by and crossed by
mountain ranges, mountain ranges,
dominates this dominates this
peninsula that peninsula that
contains the contains the
countries of Spain, Portugal, and the tiny Andorra. countries of Spain, Portugal, and the tiny Andorra.
Coastal lowlands, the site of the major industrial cities, Coastal lowlands, the site of the major industrial cities,
surround the primarily agrarian-oriented Meseta. surround the primarily agrarian-oriented Meseta.

87. Italian BootItalian Boot
The Italian The Italian
peninsula or the peninsula or the
Apennine Apennine
peninsula is one of peninsula is one of
the greatest the greatest
peninsulas of peninsulas of
Europe, spanning Europe, spanning
1000 km from the 1000 km from the
Alps in the north, to Alps in the north, to
the central the central
Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea
in the south.in the south.

88. It borders the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, and It borders the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, and
includes Denmark and part of Northern Germany.includes Denmark and part of Northern Germany.
JutlandJutland
PeninsulaPeninsula

89. Scandanavian Scandanavian
PeninsulaPeninsula
The most common The most common
definition includes, definition includes,
mainland Norway and mainland Norway and
Sweden, though it Sweden, though it
would appear that would appear that
part of Finland could part of Finland could
be on this peninsula be on this peninsula
as well.as well.

90. NATONATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), is an international The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), is an international
organization for defense collaboration established in 1949.organization for defense collaboration established in 1949.

91. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)(U.S.S.R.)
split into 15split into 15 independent countries in the early 1990s.independent countries in the early 1990s.

92. IstanbulIstanbul
Turkey's largest city, and
its cultural and
economic center located
on the Bosphorus strait.
Istanbul extends both on
the European and on the
Asian side of the
Bosphorus, and
is thereby the
only metropolis
in the world which
is on two continents.

93. London, United London, United
KingdomKingdom

94. Warsaw, Poland at nightWarsaw, Poland at night

95. LinksLinks
http://www.thedreamtime.com/spirit/astrology.htmlhttp://www.thedreamtime.com/spirit/astrology.html
http://www.nlcs.k12.in.us/oljrhi/brown/mesopotamia/meso.htmhttp://www.nlcs.k12.in.us/oljrhi/brown/mesopotamia/meso.htm
http://protectingwater.com/agriculture.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/agriculture.html
http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/Arab%20american%20Demographics.htmhttp://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/Arab%20american%20Demographics.htm
http://www.gotohoroscope.com/daily.htmlhttp://www.gotohoroscope.com/daily.html
http://www.japaneseartbyreiko.com/html/gallery.htmlhttp://www.japaneseartbyreiko.com/html/gallery.html
http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/mexico.htmhttp://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/mexico.htm
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16350http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16350
http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lamaen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama