World History: Middle Ages Lesson 500-1500AD

Middle Ages Lesson

1. https://www.bing.com/videos/search?
q=the+black+plague+news&view=detail&mid=5A6723E6
407D2268CCFA5A6723E6407D2268CCFA&FORM=VIRE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ

2. THE MIDDLE AGES
500-1500 AD
SWBAT explain the development of Christianity as a unifying social
and political factor in medieval Europe and the Byzantine Empire.
WH.4.A

3. DO NOW: WHAT CAUSED THE FALL
OF ROME? WHEN DID IT HAPPEN?
1. Invasions by Barbarian tribes
2. Economic troubles and overreliance on slave labor
3. The rise of the Eastern Empire
4. Overexpansion and military overspending
5. Government corruption and political instability
6. The arrival of the Huns and the migration of the Barbarian
tribes
7. Christianity and the loss of traditional values
8. Weakening of the Roman legions
476 AD

4. INVASIONS OF
WESTERN
EUROPE

5. Decline of Learning,
as cities are
abandoned.
Knowledge of
Greek language &
culture is almost
completely lost
Loss of a Common
Language
INVASIONS OF
WESTERN EUROPE (PT2)

6. YEARS OF UPHEAVAL
BETWEEN 400 - 600
Germanic kingdoms
replace Roman
provinces
Continual wars
change borders
between kingdoms.
The Church provides
order & security.

7. CONCEPT OF
GOVERNMENT CHANGES
Held together by
family ties and
loyalty.
Communities are
governed by
unwritten rules &
traditions.
Germanic warriors
pledge loyalty to their
chief.

8. CLOVIS RULES THE FRANKS

9. MONASTERIES,
CONVENTS, &
MANUSCRIPTS

10. Sister Scholastica
adapts rules for
nuns living in
convents
Monks establish
schools, preserve
learning through
libraries
MONASTERIES,
CONVENTS, &
MANUSCRIPTS

11. GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANITY

12. CHARLES MARTEL EMERGES

13. FROM PEPIN TO
CHARLEMAGNE

14. CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES
EMPEROR
In 800, Charlemagne
travels to Rome to
protect Pope Leo III
from mobs
Pope crowns
Charlemagne
emperor; gives him
title, “Holy Roman
Emperor”
Germanic power,
Church, heritage of
Roman Empire now
joined together

15. CHARLEMAGNE LEADS A
REVIVAL
Charlemagne limits
nobles’ power by
governing through
royal agents
Encourages
learning and
orders monasteries
to open schools

16. CHARLEMAGNE’S HEIRS
Charlemagne dies in
814; his son, Louis the
Pious, rules poorly
Louis’s three
grandsons fight for
control of empire
In 843 they divide
empire into three
kingdoms; sign Treaty
of Verdun

17. 13.2 FEUDALISM IN
EUROPE
Feudalism, a political and economic system based on
land-holding and protective alliances, emerges in
Europe.

18. THE VIKINGS INVADE
FROM THE NORTH
Vikings raid
from
Scandinavia —
Denmark,
Norway, Sweden
Viking long ships
sail in shallow
water, allowing
raids inland
Eventually, many
Vikings adopt
Christianity & become
farmers

19. INVADERS ATTACK
WESTERN EUROPE
Magyars
(Hungarian
nomads) invade
western Europe in
late 800s
Muslims strike
north from Africa,
attacking through
Italy & Spain
Viking, Magyar,
Muslim invasions
cause widespread
disorder, suffering

21. A SKETCH OF A VIKING
LONGBOAT

22. FEUDALISM
STRUCTURES
SOCIETY

24. THE FEUDAL
PYRAMID

25. FEUDALISM:
SOCIAL CLASSES
Medieval feudal system
classifies people into 3
social groups
Those who fightfight:
nobles & knights
Those who praypray:
monks, nuns, leaders
of the Church
Those who workwork:
peasants/serfs

26. A NEW SOCIAL
ORDER: FEUDALISM

27. THE LORD’S ESTATE
Serfs & free
peasants maintain
the lord’s estate, a
manor, & give grain
The lord provides
housing, farmland,
protection from
bandits

28. A SELF-
CONTAINED
WORLD
Manors include
lord’s house,
church,
workshops, village
Manors cover a
few square miles
of land, are largely
self-sufficient

29. THE HARSHNESS
OF MANOR LIFE

30. Poor diet, illness,
malnutrition
make life
expectancy 35
years
Serfs generally
accept their lives
as part of God’s
plan
THE HARSHNESS
OF MANOR LIFE (PT 2)

31. LE

33. The code of chivalry for knights glorified both
combat and romantic love.

34. The Technology of
Warfare Changes
Leather saddle &
stirrups enable
knights to handle
heavy weapons
without falling off.
Leather
Saddle
Stirrups

35. Chainma
il
Plate
Armor
Gambeson, a padded jacket worn
alone or in combination with
chainmail

36. Western Europe is
a battleground of
warring nobles
Lords raise
private armies of
knights
Knights rewarded
w/ land & income
for needed
weapons
Ightham Mote, a 14th-century
moated manor house in Kent,
England

38. https://youtu.be/PX5Bi-6jqe4

40. Boys begin to
train for
knighthood at
age 7
14 he would
become a
servant of a
knights
Knighted at 21

42. https://youtu.be/8C_XElbs1_g

43. Castles are huge
fortresses where
lords live
Attacking armies
use wide range of
strategies and
weapons

44. https://youtu.be/n75PgMSxAOw

47. S
I
E
G
E

W
A
R
F
A
R
E

48. Epic Poetry
Epic poems
recount a hero’s
deeds and
adventures
The Song of Roland
is about
Charlemagne’s
knights fighting
Muslims

49. Above and right:
troubadours
portrayed in
illumined texts.

50. Wife of 2 kings (Louis VII,
annulled) & Henry II of England
Mother of 2 kings of England
(Richard and John)
Eleanor of
Aquitaine

51. Status of Women
According to the Church
and feudal society, women
were inferior to men
Noblewomen
Can inherit land, defend
castle, send knights to war
on lord’s request
Usually confined to
activities of the home or
convent

52. Peasants Women
Most labor in home and
field, bear children,
provide for family
Poor, powerless, do
household tasks at young
age
Convents provided
women in the middle
ages an alternative to
married life.

53. THE POWER OF THE
CHURCH
Chapter 13,
Section 4
WH.1.C identify major causes and describe the major effects of the following important
turning points in world history from 600 to 1450: the spread of Christianity, the decline
of Rome and the formation of medieval Europe; the development of Islamic caliphates
and their impact on Asia, Africa, and Europe; the Mongol invasions and their impact
on Europe, China, India, and Southwest Asia

54. Pope Gelasius I
In spiritual matters the
Emperor should bow to
the Pope
In political matters the
Pope to give in to the
Emperor
These ideas did NOT
work out & the
church and the state
struggled for power

55. FAR-REACHING AUTHORITY OF THE
CHURCH

57. Roman CatholicRoman Catholic ProtestantProtestant

BaptismBaptism

ConfirmationConfirmation

Holy CommunionHoly Communion

Reconciliation Reconciliation
(confession)(confession)

Anointing of the SickAnointing of the Sick

MatrimonyMatrimony

Holy OrdersHoly Orders

BaptismBaptism

The Lord’s Supper The Lord’s Supper
(Holy Communion)(Holy Communion)
Sacraments

58. THE LAW OF THE CHURCH

59. THE LAW OF THE CHURCH

60. OTTO I ALLIES WITH THE
CHURCH

61. SIGNS OF FUTURE CONFLICTS

62. EMPEROR HENRY
IV AND
POPE GREGORY VII

63. SHOWDOWN AT CONOSSA
•Henry goes to Canossa, Italy, to beg Gregory for
forgiveness
•Gregory forgives Henry, but lay investiture problem is
not solved
 “There, having laid aside all the belongings of royalty,
wretchedly, with bare feet and clad in wool, he [Henry IV]
continued for three days to stand before the gate of the
castle. Nor did he desist from imploring with many tears
the aid and consolation of the apostolic mercy until he
had moved all of those who were present there.”
POPE GREGORY, in
Basic Documents in Medieval History

64. Compromise:
pope appoints
bishops,
emperor can
veto
appointment

65. •In 1152, Frederick I becomes
king; dominates German
princes
•Disorder breaks out
whenever he leaves Germany
•Frederick invades Italy, meets
defeat at Legnano In 1176
•Empire collapses after
Frederick’s death in 1190

66. GERMAN STATES REMAIN
SEPARATE
•German kings
after Frederick try
to revive empire
•German princes,
who elect kings,
prefer to keep
them weak