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1. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION ACCESS, EJC MONTILLA, TACURONG CITY HYDRAULIC SPRAYER USED IN FARMING SUNNY E. AMAR ESMERALDA M. HIDALGO KRISTINE FAITH S. BIBOSO

2. I.INTRODUCTION Science and technology always help the mankind to improve its life. This thing applies to the agriculture sector too. Innovative human brains use their creative power and blend it with the principles of mathematics and physics to develop an ultimate range of plant protection equipment, showcasing the highest degree of human excellence. The invention of a sprayer, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. bring revolution in the agriculture/horticulture sector(Smith, Harris Pearson and Wilkes, Lambert Henry, 1976).

3. II. OBJECTIVES This study aims to: 1.Determine the types of hydraulic sprayer used in farming at Barangay Ned, Lake Sebu , South Cotabato . 2.Describe the different parts of backpack sprayer and how it works. 3.Know the different techniques applied in spraying.

4. III. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study generally talks about the movement of fluid inside the hydraulic sprayer. The researcher hope that it would be beneficial to the following: The School Administration , the result of this study would provide the physics teacher administration of Sultan Kudarat State University the data for the significance of the mechanism of hydraulic sprayer. The information could serve as their basis in teaching physics related to the fluid mechanics.

5. The Student , this study may be able the student to know the significance of concept about pressure inside the hydraulic sprayer in order for it to function by this they will have an awareness and deeper understanding about fluid mechanics, especially those students having physics subject. The Farmers , this study may be able to give knowledge to the farmers about the mechanism of hydraulic sprayer by this they may be able to used their sprayers appropriately.

6. The Researchers , this study would help the researchers to identify the movement of fluid inside the hydraulic sprayer. The Other Researchers , the result of this study can be the basis for other researcher’s future references.

7. IV. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION This study was focused in the mechanism of backpack sprayer because it is mostly used in the application of pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers in the farm. The ideal respondents of this study was the two farmers who uses backpack sprayers. V. LOCALE OF THE STUDY This study was conducted in the farm where the respondents are the farmers that usually use these sprayers specifically in Barangay Ned, Lake Sebu , South Cotabato .

8. VII. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE Seek Permit to conduct the Study from the research adviser Conduct the Study Locale Participants Data Gathering Procedure Lake Sebu Interview with guide questions Farmers Retrieval and Interpretation of Data Presentation of the Study

9. DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT The primary data gathering instrument is the prepared questionnaire that was used to gather the important data that we needed to this study .

10. VIII. RESULTS OF THE STUDY (PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY) 1. What types of sprayer is commonly used in farming at Brgy . Ned, lake Sebu , South Cotabato ? Sprayer is one of the necessary equipment used by the farmers of Brgy . Ned, Lake Sebu , South Cotabato . This kind of equipment is primarily used to control pests and insects as well as weeds in their fields. And the very common type of sprayer that used in this Barangay is Backpack sprayer, it is a hand operated sprayers usually have an air pump which compress air into the tanks and pressurizes the spray mixture. A hand lever is continuously operated to maintain the pressure which makes the backpack sprayers output more uniform. Tank capacity maybe as large as 20 liters.

11. 2.Why is it used in this area and what are some advantages and disadvantages in using this type of sprayer ? Backpack sprayer is suitable to this kind of area which is not plain and are rocky fields. The advantages in using this kind of sprayer is that it is affordable and it is manually operated resulting to more desirable output but the disadvantages is that since the farmer carry on his back a 20 liter of spray mixture that sometimes develop fatigue and the mixture is hazardous substance to the farmer.

12. 3.Did you have some idea about the parts of backpack sprayer? State some functions of its parts. Water is the most often used with hydraulic spraying equipment as the means of carrying pesticides to the target area. The pesticides is mixed with enough water to obtain the desired application rate at a specific pressure and travel speed. The spray mixture flows through the spraying system under pressure and is released through nozzles onto the target area.

13. a . Tanks - are made of steel serve as a container of the spray mixture. b.Tank cover- usually made of steel that seal the tank. c.Strainers - proper filtering of the spray mixture not only protects the working parts of the spray system but also avoids misapplication due to nozzle tip clogging. Three types of strainers commonly used on sprayers are tank filler strainer, line strainers, and nozzle strainers.

14. d.Hoses - are made of rubber or plastic that serve as a flowing channel of fluid from hose connector to the cut-off valve. e.Pumps - composed of pump cylinder that directly connected to the hand lever and in which plunger cup holder is attached that is responsible for pulling the fluid inside the cylinder and pushing it to the pressure tank. f.Pressure regulator - where the pump system are place which control the pressure and therefore the quantity of spray material delivered by the nozzles.

15. g. Pressurized tank - attached from pressure regulator where the pressure is simply loaded within this cylinder through the hose. h . Control valves - in a hydraulic system, the hydraulic energy available from a pump is converted into motion and force by means of an actuator. The control of this outputs is one of the most important functions in a hydraulic systems. In order to control hydraulic outputs, different types of control valves are required :

16. Flow control valves - permit the flow of fluid inside the pressure regulator. Pressure control valves - control the pressure inside the pressurized tank. Ball valves - block the holes where fluid flows back to outside of the pressure regulator and pressurized tank. Cut off valve - control the flow of fluid out to the nozzle.

17. i.Nozzles- are important to control the volume of pesticide applied, the uniformity of application, the completeness of coverage, and the degree of drift. j.Shoulder strap s - like backpack straps attached to the side by side of the tank are wear to carry the sprayer through your back. k.Wands- usually are able to disassemble for substituting purposes.

18. a d c b g f e m i p o n j h k l a.Handle b. hand Lever c. Nozzle d. Shoulder Straps e. Wands f. Lock g. tank Cover h. Spring i . Strainer j. Hose Connector k. Cut-off Valve l. Hose m. Tank n. Pressure Regulator o. Pressurized Tank p. Deep Cylinder

19. 4.What are the most important among the parts of backpack sprayer and how it works. Among the parts of backpack sprayer, the pressure regulator, the pressurized tank, the control valves and the nozzles are the most important parts of the sprayer. In these parts of sprayer where fluid flows from the tank up to its nozzle. They are responsible for regulating and controlling pressure inside the sprayer.

20. These are the steps on how fluid flow within these parts : a . In pressure regulator is the starting point of the fluid mechanism. The plunger cup holder is attached to the tip of pump cylinder that pulling the fluid inside the pressure regulator and entering in the hole of flow control valves and the ball valve is relatively flow with the fluid but it is more denser than fluid so that it return to the flow control valves to block the hole and not allowing the fluid to return outside the pressure regulator when you try to pushing the fluid back.

21. b . Then the fluid enter to the hole of pressure control valves and flow to the pressurized tank which control the pressure by the help of another ball valve that blocks in the hole of pressure control valves. Pressurized tank is maintaining the pressure inside the sprayer so that the mechanism will continue.

22. c . The cutoff valve control the fluid from pressurized tank to the nozzle. Without cutoff valve there is no pressure will be loaded inside the pressurized tank because the pressure will continuously out to the nozzle and therefore the mechanism will fail. d . The nozzle control the volume of fluid depends on its types, the more holes of the nozzle the more foggy-like fluid is.

23. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Pump Cylinder Pressure Control Valve Ball Valve s Plunger Cup Holder Dip Cylinder Flow Control Valve Filter a g e c b d f

24. 5 .Can you give some important techniques applied in spraying using the backpack sprayer? What are the procedures in the process of spraying? P roper operations will lead to safe and effective pest control as well as desirable outcomes. And these are the following techniques applied in spraying using the backpack sprayer:

25. Before Spraying F ill the tank with water and mix the pesticides and water properly through letting the water in and out in the disassemble wands directly to the cup strainer. I f the pesticides and water are already mixed, pressurized the system by keeping the cutoff valve close so that there is enough pressure inside the pressurized tank. W ear protective clothing like face mask, boots, jacket, pants and etc. as protection from the hazardous chemicals.

26. During Spraying C ontinue to push and pull the handle lever to maintain the pressure inside the pressurized tank while swaying the wands to the target area. M aintain the duration of swaying while walking at a desirable distance. Y ou may able to close the cutoff valves if you want and if necessary.

27. After Spraying A lways flush the spray system with water after each used. C lean the inside and outside of the sprayer thoroughly before switching to another pesticides especially herbicides. W ash the parts of your body especially your hands that exposed to hazardous chemicals after spraying.

28. 6.Why this equipment is very important in farming? Backpack sprayer is primarily used to control pests and diseases in agricultural production. Without this equipment that is affordable f or our farmers , it is difficult for them to maintain their crops away from weeds, pests and diseases most especially in crop production.

29. IX. CONCLUSION When selecting a type of sprayer, the best requirement if it is suitable to the land forms of your farm. Having a semi-rocky and elevated type of plantation, backpack sprayer is most prefer used than tractor boom sprayer. Backpack sprayer is operated by the farmers therefore, it will assure that the spray mixture is directly apply to the specific area.

30. Knowing the parts of the sprayer and how it work is necessary for proper operation and maintenance of spray equipment. Being aware of the mechanism of the spray equipment make you appreciate the role of pressure inside the hydraulic sprayer. It gives you an idea on how the fluid flow inside the sprayer through the help of some important parts of the spray equipment. With this simple principle found in hydraulic sprayer it gives us an idea to understand a more complex hydraulic system. Thus, these are the basis to invent the more advanced and more complex type of hydraulic system.

31. Therefore, the most important implication of this study is you need to have an experience and knowledge to operate this kind of hydraulic sprayer in order to understand the principle of hydraulic system. Having an experience and knowledge, you can able to give some important techniques or procedures on how to operate a spray equipment appropriately.

32. X. BIBLIOGRAPHY Stone, Archie A. and Gulvin, Harold E. (1967). Machines for Power Farming. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y2765e/y2765e00.htm. Retrieved on March 2019 . Smith, Harris P. and Wilkes,L.H. (1976).Farm Machinery and Equipment. Retrieved from http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/pesticides/f_2.htm . Retrieved on March 2019

33. Bartok, Jr. J. W. (2001). Sprayers and Spray Application Techniques. Retrieved from [email protected]. Retrieved on March 2019 Buhler, W. (2001) Back Pack Sprayer. Retrieved from http://cals.ncsu.ed. Retrieved on March 2019. World Health Organization. Manually Operated Sprayers. Retrieved from www.nzdl.org. Retrieved on ,March 2019.