Zygomycota characters, cycle, taxonomy& difference between rhizopus & mucor

Fundamentals of Plant Pathology

1. ZYGOMYCOTA : CHARACTERS, CYCLE, TAXONOMY& DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RHIZOPUS & MUCOR COURSE TEACHER: Dr. PARTHASARATHY. S Asst. Prof., (Plant Pathology) STUDENTS: Mr. NANDA GOVIND G.R Mr. ROHITH. S COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po), ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562

2. ZYGOMYCOTA (OR) ZYGOTE FUNGI Zygomycota or zygote fungi is a division of the kingdom fungi. They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material. Approximately 1050 species are known. These are usually fast growing fungi characterized by primitive coenocytic (mostly aseptate ) hyphae.

3. ZYGOMYCOTA (OR) ZYGOTE FUNGI Zygomycota, a small group in the fungi kingdom,  can reproduce asexually or sexually, in a process called conjugation. Its common name is Bread mold . The way Zygomycota reproduce asexually is also distinctive. With asexual reproduction, asexual spores called sporangiospores  are produced in sporangia. Typically, three sporangia are produced, but there  are  variations within asexual reproduction.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF ZYGOMYCOTA  They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material. The Zygomycota , or conjugation fungi, include molds , such as those that invade breads and other food products. The identifying characteristics of the Zygomycota are the formation of a zygospore during sexual reproduction and the lack of hyphal c ell  walls except in reproductive structures.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF ZYGOMYCOTA  They grow primarily as mycelia, or filaments of long cells called hyphae. Unlike the so-called 'higher fungi' comprising the  Ascomycota  and  Basidiomycota  which produce regularly septate mycelia, most Zygomycota form hyphae which are generally coenocytic because they lack cross walls or septa. There are however, several exceptions and septa may form at irregular intervals throughout the older parts of the mycelium or are regularly spaced in two sister orders of Zygomycota.

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF ZYGOMYCOTA The unique character ( synapomorphy ) of the  Zygomycota  is the zygospore . Zygospores are formed within a zygosporangium after the fusion of specialized hyphae called gametangia during the sexual cycle. A single zygospore is formed per zygosporangium . Most Zygomycota are thought to have a zygotic or haplontic life cycle.

7. LIFE CYCLE OF ZYGOMYCOTA

8. ZYGOMYCOTA

9. TAXONOMY OF ZYGOMYCOTA The first major taxonomic change in the phylum Zygomycota that was based on the molecular phylogeny was made in 2001. They proposed to eliminate Zygomycota because the phylum was found to be polyphyletic and the taxa conventionally placed in Zygomycota were distributed among the phylum Glomeromycota and 4 subphyla of uncertain placement.

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